Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.
NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar, New South Wales, Australia.
Vet Microbiol. 2021 Jul;258:109117. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109117. Epub 2021 May 18.
Strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) causing post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) in piglets have a widespread and detrimental impact on animal health and the economics of pork production. Traditional approaches to control and prevention have placed a strong emphasis on antimicrobial use (AMU) to the extent that current prevalent porcine ETEC strains have developed moderate to severe resistance. This complicates treatment of ETEC infection by limiting therapeutic options, increasing diagnostic costs and increasing mortality rates. Management factors, the use of supra-physiological levels of zinc oxide and selected feed additives have all been documented to lower the incidence of ETEC infection in pigs; however, each intervention has its own limitations and cannot solely be relied upon as an alternative to AMU. Consequently, treatment options for porcine ETEC are moving towards the use of newer antimicrobials of higher public health significance. This review focuses on microorganisms and microbial-derived products that could provide a naturally evolved solution to ETEC infection and disease. This category holds a plethora of yet to be explored possibilities, however studies based around bacteriophage therapy, probiotics and the use of probiotic fermentation products as postbiotics have demonstrated promise. Ultimately, pig producers and veterinarians need these solutions to reduce the reliance on critically important antimicrobials (CIAs), to improve economic and animal welfare outcomes, and to lessen the One Health threat potentiated by the dissemination of AMR through the food chain.
产肠毒素性大肠杆菌（ETEC）菌株引起仔猪断奶后腹泻（PWD），对动物健康和猪肉生产的经济效益有广泛而不利的影响。传统的控制和预防方法非常强调使用抗生素（AMU），以至于当前流行的猪源 ETEC 菌株已经产生了中度至重度耐药性。这使得 ETEC 感染的治疗变得复杂，限制了治疗选择，增加了诊断成本和死亡率。管理因素、使用超生理水平的氧化锌和选定的饲料添加剂都被记录为降低猪 ETEC 感染的发生率；然而，每种干预措施都有其自身的局限性，不能单独作为 AMU 的替代品。因此，猪源 ETEC 的治疗选择正在转向使用具有更高公共卫生意义的新型抗生素。本综述重点介绍了微生物和微生物衍生产品，这些产品可以为 ETEC 感染和疾病提供一种自然进化的解决方案。这一类别拥有大量尚未探索的可能性，然而，基于噬菌体治疗、益生菌和益生菌发酵产物作为后生元的研究已经显示出了希望。最终，养猪户和兽医需要这些解决方案来减少对至关重要的抗生素（CIAs）的依赖，改善经济和动物福利结果，并减轻通过食物链传播的 AMR 对人畜共患病的威胁。
