Clinical Toxicology Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, Barker Street, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia.
Pharmacology and Biomedical Informatics and Digital Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia.
Crit Care Clin. 2021 Jul;37(3):543-561. doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2021.03.005.
Acetaminophen is a common medication taken in deliberate self-poisoning and unintentional overdose. It is the commonest cause of severe acute liver injury in Western countries. The optimal management of most acetaminophen poisonings is usually straightforward. Patients who present early should be offered activated charcoal and those at risk of acute liver injury should receive acetylcysteine. This approach ensures survival in most. The acetaminophen nomogram is used to assess the need for treatment in acute immediate-release overdoses with a known time of ingestion. However, scenarios that require different management pathways include modified-release, large/massive, and repeated supratherapeutic ingestions.
对乙酰氨基酚是一种常见的药物,在故意自杀和意外过量服用中都有使用。它是西方国家最常见的导致严重急性肝损伤的原因。大多数对乙酰氨基酚中毒的最佳治疗方法通常很简单。应向早期就诊的患者提供活性炭,有发生急性肝损伤风险的患者应接受乙酰半胱氨酸治疗。这种方法可确保大多数患者存活。对乙酰氨基酚剂量表用于评估已知摄入时间的急性即释药物过量是否需要治疗。然而,需要不同管理途径的情况包括控释、大剂量/大量和重复摄入超治疗剂量。