Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, Iraq.
Division of Biotechnology, Department of Applied Science, University of Technology, Baghdad 10066, Iraq.
Molecules. 2021 May 21;26(11):3067. doi: 10.3390/molecules26113067.
Flaky graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using Hummer's method and then capped with polyethylene glycol (PEG) by an esterification reaction, then loaded with Nigella sativa () seed extract. Aiming to investigate their potential use as a smart drug delivery system against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, the spectral and structural characteristics of GO-PEG NPs were comprehensively analyzed by XRD, AFM, TEM, FTIR, and UV- Vis. XRD patterns revealed that GO-PEG had different crystalline structures and defects, as well as a higher interlayer spacing. AFM results showed GONPs with the main grain size of 24.41 nm, while GONPs-PEG revealed graphene oxide aggregation with the main grain size of 287.04 nm after loading seed extract, which was verified by TEM examination. A strong OH bond appeared in FTIR spectra. Furthermore, UV- Vis absorbance peaks at (275, 284, 324, and 327) nm seemed to be correlated with GONPs, GO-PEG, seed extract, and GO -PEG- extract. The drug delivery system was observed to destroy the bacteria by permeating the bacterial nucleic acid and cytoplasmic membrane, resulting in the loss of cell wall integrity, nucleic acid damage, and increased cell-wall permeability.
片状氧化石墨烯 (GO) 纳米粒子 (NPs) 采用 Hummer 法合成，然后通过酯化反应用聚乙二醇 (PEG) 封端，然后负载黑种草 () 种子提取物。为了研究其作为一种针对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的智能药物输送系统的潜在用途，通过 XRD、AFM、TEM、FTIR 和 UV-Vis 对 GO-PEG NPs 的光谱和结构特征进行了全面分析。XRD 图谱表明 GO-PEG 具有不同的晶体结构和缺陷，以及更高的层间距。AFM 结果显示 GONPs 的主要晶粒尺寸为 24.41nm，而 GONPs-PEG 显示在负载 种子提取物后石墨烯氧化物聚集，主要晶粒尺寸为 287.04nm，这通过 TEM 检查得到了验证。FTIR 光谱中出现了一个强 OH 键。此外，在 UV-Vis 吸收峰处（275、284、324 和 327nm）似乎与 GONPs、GO-PEG、种子提取物和 GO-PEG-提取物有关。观察到药物输送系统通过渗透细菌的核酸和细胞质膜来破坏细菌，导致细胞壁完整性丧失、核酸损伤和细胞壁通透性增加。
