Institute of the Civil Engineering and Real Estate Economics, Riga Technical University, 1048 Riga, Latvia.
The Ministry of Environmental Protection and Regional Development, 1494 Riga, Latvia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 May 4;18(9):4895. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18094895.
Many shared views of both scholars and practitioners reflect spatial planning as a place-creating process that must be understood from a multi-level perspective. Formal and informal planning modes have variations in planning practices in different countries. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the interaction of formal and informal spatial planning in the frame of the spatial planning system in the Baltic Sea region. We were searching to highlight the involvement possibilities of territorial communities in the spatial planning process around the Baltic Sea region, focusing on coastal areas and their specific features in Latvia, Estonia, the Åland Islands of Finland, and Sweden. Involved experts expressed views based on a pre-developed model to identify how institutionalized formal spatial planning relates with informal interventions. This allowed the development and proposal of a model for coastal area spatial planning and implementation. We concluded that in the spatial planning approach, the governance works differently in different countries, and coastal area spatial planning differs from regular spatial planning. The information base is sufficient to initiate spatial planning at the municipal level, but municipalities should be more active, involving territorial communities in the planning, implementation, and control of municipal spatial planning, as this ensures a greater interest in the use of planning outcome.
许多学者和从业者的共同观点反映出，空间规划是一个必须从多层次视角理解的创造场所的过程。不同国家的正式和非正式规划模式在规划实践中存在差异。在这项研究中，我们旨在评估波罗的海地区空间规划系统框架内正式和非正式空间规划的相互作用。我们试图强调波罗的海地区周边领土社区参与空间规划过程的可能性，重点关注沿海地区及其在拉脱维亚、爱沙尼亚、芬兰的奥兰群岛和瑞典的具体特征。参与的专家根据预先制定的模型表达了意见，以确定制度化的正式空间规划与非正式干预之间的关系。这为沿海地区空间规划和实施提出了一个模型。我们得出的结论是，在空间规划方法中，不同国家的治理方式不同，沿海地区空间规划也有别于常规空间规划。信息基础足以在市级层面启动空间规划，但市政府应该更加积极主动，让领土社区参与规划、实施和控制市级空间规划，因为这确保了对规划成果的使用更感兴趣。
