Liaqat Humna, Kim Kyeong Jin, Park Soo-Yeon, Jung Sung Keun, Park Sung Hee, Lim Seokwon, Kim Ji Yeon
Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Korea.
Department of Nano Bio Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Korea.
Foods. 2021 May 12;10(5):1061. doi: 10.3390/foods10051061.
Wheat germ (WG) is a by-product of wheat milling and comprises many bioactive compounds. This study aimed to compare the antioxidant and antilipidemic effects of different WG extracts (WGEs) by analyzing candidate bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, tocopherols, γ-oryzanol, and biogenic amines by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Antioxidant activity was determined using the ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays. The antilipidemic effect was evaluated in palmitic acid-induced steatosis in HepG2 hepatocytes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Cellular lipid accumulation was assessed by Oil Red O staining and a cellular triglyceride content assay. All analyzed WGEs showed significant antioxidant potential, although some bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids, tocopherols, and γ-oryzanol, were the highest in the ethanol extract. Correlation analysis revealed the antioxidant potential of all identified biogenic amines except for spermidine. Ethanol and n-hexane extracts significantly inhibited cellular lipid accumulation in cell models. These results suggest that WGEs exhibit promising antioxidant potential, with a variety of bioactive compounds. Collectively, the findings of this study suggest that bioactive compounds in WGEs attenuate plasma lipid and oxidation levels. In conclusion, WG can be used as a natural antioxidant and nutraceutical using appropriate solvents and extraction methods.
小麦胚芽（WG）是小麦研磨的副产品，含有多种生物活性化合物。本研究旨在通过反相高效液相色谱分析类胡萝卜素、生育酚、γ-谷维素和生物胺等候选生物活性化合物，比较不同小麦胚芽提取物（WGEs）的抗氧化和抗血脂作用。使用ABTS、DPPH和FRAP试验测定抗氧化活性。在棕榈酸诱导的HepG2肝细胞和3T3-L1脂肪细胞脂肪变性中评估抗血脂作用。通过油红O染色和细胞甘油三酯含量测定评估细胞脂质积累。所有分析的WGEs均显示出显著的抗氧化潜力，尽管一些生物活性化合物，如类胡萝卜素、生育酚和γ-谷维素，在乙醇提取物中含量最高。相关性分析揭示了除亚精胺外所有已鉴定生物胺的抗氧化潜力。乙醇和正己烷提取物显著抑制细胞模型中的细胞脂质积累。这些结果表明，WGEs具有良好的抗氧化潜力，含有多种生物活性化合物。总体而言，本研究结果表明，WGEs中的生物活性化合物可降低血浆脂质和氧化水平。总之，使用适当的溶剂和提取方法，小麦胚芽可作为天然抗氧化剂和营养保健品。
