Tellez Daniel, Dayal Sujay, Phan Phong, Mawley Ajinkya, Shah Kush, Consunji Gabriel, Tellez Cindy, Ruiz Kimberly, Sabnis Rutuja, Dayal Surbi, Venketaraman Vishwanath
Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
California State University, Northridge, CA 91330, USA.
Clin Pract. 2021 May 19;11(2):309-321. doi: 10.3390/clinpract11020044.
As the world continues to suffer from an ever-growing number of confirmed cases of the SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus, researchers are at the forefront of developing the best plan to overcome this pandemic through analyzing the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment options pertaining to the virus. In the midst of a pandemic, the main route for detection of the virus has been conducting antigen tests for rapid results, using qRT-PCR, and conducting more accurate molecular tests, using rRT-PCR, on samples from patients. Most common treatments for those infected with COVID-19 include Remdesivir, an antiviral, dexamethasone, a steroid, and rarely, monoclonal antibody treatments. Although these treatments exist and are used commonly in hospitals all around the globe, clinicians often challenge the efficacy and benefit of these remedies for the patient. Furthermore, targeted therapies largely focus on interfering with or reducing the binding of viral receptors and host cell receptors affected by the SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus. In addition to treatment, the most efficacious method of preventing the spread of COVID-19 is the development of multiple vaccines that have been distributed as well as the development of multiple vaccine candidates that are proving hopeful in preventing severe symptoms of the virus. The exaggerated immune response to the virus proves to be a worrying complication due to widespread inflammation and subsequent clinical sequela. The medical and scientific community as a whole will be expected to respond with the latest in technology and research, and further studies into the pathogenesis, clinical implications, identification, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19 will push society past this pandemic.
随着全球新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2确诊病例数持续增加，研究人员处于通过分析该病毒的发病机制、预防措施和治疗方案来制定最佳抗疫计划的前沿。在疫情期间，检测该病毒的主要途径是对患者样本进行抗原检测以快速得出结果、使用qRT-PCR进行检测，以及使用rRT-PCR进行更准确的分子检测。对感染COVID-19的患者最常用的治疗方法包括抗病毒药物瑞德西韦、类固醇药物地塞米松，以及很少使用的单克隆抗体治疗。尽管有这些治疗方法且在全球各地的医院普遍使用，但临床医生常常质疑这些疗法对患者的疗效和益处。此外，靶向治疗主要集中在干扰或减少受新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2影响的病毒受体与宿主细胞受体的结合。除了治疗，预防COVID-19传播的最有效方法是研发并分发多种疫苗，以及研发多种有望预防该病毒严重症状的候选疫苗。由于广泛的炎症反应及随后的临床后遗症，对该病毒过度的免疫反应被证明是一个令人担忧的并发症。整个医学界和科学界有望以最新的技术和研究做出回应，对COVID-19发病机制、临床意义、识别、诊断和治疗的进一步研究将推动社会战胜这场疫情。
