Ortega Montoya Claudia Yazmin, López-Pérez Andrés Osvaldo, Ugalde Monzalvo Marisol, Ruvalcaba Sánchez Ma Loecelia Guadalupe
Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Humanidades y Educación, Torreón 27250, Mexico.
Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de Información Geoespacial, Aguascalientes 20313, Mexico.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 May 26;18(11):5674. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18115674.
Risk scenarios are caused by the convergence of a hazard with a potentially affected system in a specific place and time. One urban planning goal is to prevent environmental hazards, such as those generated by chemical accidents, from reaching human settlements, as they can cause public health issues. However, in many developing countries, due to their strategic positioning in global value chains, the quick and easy access to labor pools, and competitive production costs, urban sprawls have engulfed industrial areas, exposing residential conurbations to environmental hazards. This case study analyzes the spatial configuration of accidental chemical risk scenarios in three major Mexican metropolitan areas: Mexico City, Guadalajara, and Monterrey. Spatial analyses use an areal locations of hazardous atmosphere (ALOHA) dispersion model to represent the spatial effects of high-risk industrial activities in conurbations and the potentially affected populations vulnerable to chemical hazards. Complementary geostatistical correlation analyses use population data, marginalization indexes, and industrial clustering sectors to identify trends that can lead to comprehensive environmental justice approaches. In addition, the marginalization degree of inhabitants evaluates social inequalities concerning chemical risk scenarios.
风险情景是由特定时间和地点的危害与潜在受影响系统的交汇所导致的。城市规划的一个目标是防止环境危害，如化学事故产生的危害，影响人类住区，因为这些危害可能引发公共卫生问题。然而，在许多发展中国家，由于其在全球价值链中的战略定位、能够快速便捷地获取劳动力资源以及具有竞争力的生产成本，城市扩张已吞噬了工业区，使居民聚集区面临环境危害。本案例研究分析了墨西哥三个主要大都市区（墨西哥城、瓜达拉哈拉和蒙特雷）意外化学风险情景的空间配置。空间分析使用危险大气区域位置（ALOHA）扩散模型来表示城市群中高风险工业活动的空间影响以及易受化学危害影响的潜在人群。补充性的地质统计相关性分析使用人口数据、边缘化指数和产业集群部门来确定可导致全面环境正义方法的趋势。此外，居民的边缘化程度评估了与化学风险情景相关的社会不平等现象。
