Schlatter C, Steinegger A
Institut für Toxikologie, ETH, Universität Zürich.
Soz Praventivmed. 1988;33(2):122-4. doi: 10.1007/BF02098317.
Fluoride emission determination was introduced in the aluminium industry some years ago in order to detect subjects suspected of having fluorosis. Fluoride exposure has been reduced by means of successive improvements in working conditions in aluminium reduction plants to such an extent that today industrial fluorosis can be said to be an occupational disease of the past. Generally values of up to 7 mg F/l urine (USA) or per g of creatinine (FRG) at the end of a working period apply today as guaranteed to prevent fluorosis developing at the workplace. The values observed today at Alusuisse plants are below 5 mg/l. Ten years ago mean values of up to 6.2 mg/l were found. It is nevertheless expedient to continue with a regular determination of fluoride emission, however for a different purpose than before. The determination of the urine output directly at the end of a working period (postshift measurement) shows the exposure during this short period. Once the relative contents of different pollutants in the air compared to the fluoride air values are known, the exposure of the subject examined to other pollutants can be estimated on basis of the fluoride values in the urine. Differences between individuals can also be recorded. It has been found that even at identical workplaces there are individuals time and time again who have considerably higher values than their co-workers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
几年前,铝工业中引入了氟化物排放测定,以检测疑似患有氟中毒的人员。通过不断改善铝冶炼厂的工作条件,氟化物暴露已降低到如今工业氟中毒可说是过去的一种职业病的程度。如今,一般来说,工作期结束时尿氟含量高达7毫克氟/升(美国)或每克肌酐含氟量(联邦德国)被认为可确保预防工作场所氟中毒的发生。如今在Alusuisse工厂观察到的数值低于5毫克/升。十年前发现的平均值高达6.2毫克/升。然而,继续定期测定氟化物排放仍是权宜之计,不过目的与以前不同。在工作期结束时直接测定尿量(班后测量)可显示这一短时期内的暴露情况。一旦知道空气中不同污染物相对于氟化物空气值的相对含量,就可以根据尿中的氟化物值估算受检对象接触其他污染物的情况。个体之间的差异也能被记录下来。已经发现,即使在相同的工作场所,也总会有一些人的数值比同事高得多。(摘要截选于250字)