Mushtaq Muntazir, Ahmad Dar Aejaz, Skalicky Milan, Tyagi Anshika, Bhagat Nancy, Basu Umer, Bhat Basharat Ahmad, Zaid Abbu, Ali Sajad, Dar Tanvir-Ul-Hassan, Rai Gyanendra Kumar, Wani Shabir Hussain, Habib-Ur-Rahman Muhammad, Hejnak Vaclav, Vachova Pavla, Brestic Marian, Çığ Arzu, Çığ Fatih, Erman Murat, El Sabagh Ayman
School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 180009, India.
Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
Genes (Basel). 2021 May 24;12(6):797. doi: 10.3390/genes12060797.
Genome-editing (GE) is having a tremendous influence around the globe in the life science community. Among its versatile uses, the desired modifications of genes, and more importantly the transgene (DNA)-free approach to develop genetically modified organism (GMO), are of special interest. The recent and rapid developments in genome-editing technology have given rise to hopes to achieve global food security in a sustainable manner. We here discuss recent developments in CRISPR-based genome-editing tools for crop improvement concerning adaptation, opportunities, and challenges. Some of the notable advances highlighted here include the development of transgene (DNA)-free genome plants, the availability of compatible nucleases, and the development of safe and effective CRISPR delivery vehicles for plant genome editing, multi-gene targeting and complex genome editing, base editing and prime editing to achieve more complex genetic engineering. Additionally, new avenues that facilitate fine-tuning plant gene regulation have also been addressed. In spite of the tremendous potential of CRISPR and other gene editing tools, major challenges remain. Some of the challenges are related to the practical advances required for the efficient delivery of CRISPR reagents and for precision genome editing, while others come from government policies and public acceptance. This review will therefore be helpful to gain insights into technological advances, its applications, and future challenges for crop improvement.
基因组编辑（GE）在全球生命科学界正产生着巨大影响。在其多种用途中，对基因进行理想修饰，更重要的是采用无转基因（DNA）方法培育转基因生物（GMO），尤其令人关注。基因组编辑技术近期的快速发展带来了以可持续方式实现全球粮食安全的希望。我们在此讨论基于CRISPR的基因组编辑工具在作物改良方面的最新进展，包括适应性、机遇和挑战。这里突出强调的一些显著进展包括无转基因（DNA）基因组植物的培育、兼容核酸酶的可用性，以及用于植物基因组编辑、多基因靶向和复杂基因组编辑、碱基编辑和引导编辑以实现更复杂基因工程的安全有效CRISPR递送载体的开发。此外，还探讨了促进植物基因调控精细调节的新途径。尽管CRISPR和其他基因编辑工具具有巨大潜力，但主要挑战依然存在。其中一些挑战与高效递送CRISPR试剂和精确基因组编辑所需的实际进展有关，而其他挑战则来自政府政策和公众接受度。因此，本综述将有助于深入了解作物改良的技术进展、其应用及未来挑战。
