Department of Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 402 Sterling Plaza, 201 N. Craig St., Pittsburgh, PA, 1523, USA.
Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2022 Dec;53(6):1148-1160. doi: 10.1007/s10578-021-01187-6. Epub 2021 Jun 2.
The DSM-5 alternative model for the diagnosis of personality disorders (AMPD) states that self- and interpersonal (Criterion A) dysfunction is necessary to diagnose a personality disorder, qualified by maladaptive personality trait profiles (Criterion B). This study tested whether childhood maladaptive personality traits predict interpersonal dysfunction during adolescence, which further predicts lower self-functioning in young adulthood. A mixed clinical-community sample of 157 10-year-olds participated for ten years. Social problems and personality traits were rated by parents at age 10 and 12. At age 20, young adults completed 14 daily ratings of self-functioning. Traits of emotional instability and disagreeableness predicted social problems and self-problems. Social problems predicted worse self-functioning in adulthood. An indirect effect of childhood narcissistic traits on higher levels of self-functioning via lower levels of social problems was found. Results are discussed in terms of their contribution to our understanding of the AMPD from a developmental perspective.
DSM-5 人格障碍诊断的替代模型（AMPD）指出，自我和人际关系（标准 A）功能障碍是诊断人格障碍的必要条件，同时伴有适应不良的人格特质特征（标准 B）。本研究检验了童年期适应不良的人格特质是否预示着青春期的人际关系障碍，而人际关系障碍进一步预示着成年早期的自我功能下降。一个由 157 名 10 岁儿童组成的混合临床社区样本参与了为期十年的研究。父母在孩子 10 岁和 12 岁时对其社会问题和人格特质进行了评估。在 20 岁时，年轻人完成了 14 项自我功能的日常评估。情绪不稳定和固执的特质预示着社会问题和自我问题。社会问题预示着成年后自我功能下降。通过较低的社会问题，发现儿童期自恋特质对较高水平自我功能的间接影响。从发展的角度讨论了这些结果对我们理解 AMPD 的贡献。
