Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA,
Psychopathology. 2020;53(3-4):198-204. doi: 10.1159/000507588. Epub 2020 May 28.
This paper reviews maladaptive trait development (DSM-5 Section III Criterion B), the development of DSM-5 Section II borderline personality disorder, and research on the development of identity, self-direction, empathy/mentalizing, and intimacy (DSM-5 Section III Criterion A). Combined, these previously disparate literatures begin to point to an integrated developmental theory of personality pathology, which suggests that Criterion A concepts (identity, self-direction, empathy, and intimacy) coalesce around the development of self, marking a discontinuous (qualitative) developmental shift. This developmental shift is a function of the demands placed on individuals to take on independent adult role function, combined with biologically-based maturational cognitive and emotional advances during adolescence. Section II personality disorder ensues when an integrated and coherent sense of self fails to develop, resulting in nonfulfilment of adult role function. In this sense, Criterion A self function can account for the onset of Section II personality disorder in adolescence, while Criterion B provides a useful descriptive account of continuous aspects of personality function over time.
本文回顾了适应不良特质发展（DSM-5 第 III 节 C 标准 B）、DSM-5 第 II 节边缘型人格障碍的发展，以及身份认同、自我导向、同理心/心理化和亲密关系（DSM-5 第 III 节 C 标准 A）的发展研究。这些原本不同的文献结合起来，开始指向一个人格病理学的综合发展理论，该理论表明，A 标准概念（身份认同、自我导向、同理心和亲密关系）围绕自我的发展而融合，标志着一种不连续的（质的）发展转变。这种发展转变是个体承担独立成人角色功能的需求与青春期生物基础的认知和情感发展相结合的结果。当一个综合而连贯的自我感未能发展时，就会出现第二部分人格障碍，导致成人角色功能的未实现。从这个意义上说，A 标准的自我功能可以解释青春期第二部分人格障碍的发作，而 B 标准则为随着时间的推移人格功能的连续方面提供了有用的描述性解释。
