Department of Animal Sciences, 2029 Fyffe Rd, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Department of Poultry Science, 1260 West Maple, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
Poult Sci. 2021 Jul;100(7):101193. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101193. Epub 2021 Apr 11.
Inappropriate microbial colonization can induce gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation may predispose poultry to opportunistic infections and reduce growth performance. Four independent experiments were completed to test ability of select Enterobacteriaceae isolates to induce GI inflammation. Experiments 1 and 2 included a non-inoculated control (NC), and a low (L), medium (M), or high (H) day of hatch (DOH) oral inoculation level. In experiment 1, birds in L1, M1, and H1 received 10 to 10 CFU of a mixed dose of 2 species of Citrobacter and Salmonella Enteritidis LB (SE). In experiment 2, birds in L2, M2, and H2 received 10 to 10 CFU of E. coli LG (LG) and included NC. Body weight was recorded on d 0, 7, and 14, with blood collected for chicken serum alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (A1GP) measurements on d14. Neither experiment resulted in differences in BWG, however, A1GP was increased (P < 0.05) on d 14 when DOH inoculation dose 10 CFU/chick was used compared to NC. This observed increase in A1GP resulted in selection of 10 CFU/chick for DOH inoculation in experiments 3 and 4. Experiment 3 consisted of NC, E. coli Huff (Huff), and SE. On d 0, 7 and 15, BW was measured, with blood collected on d 15 for A1GP. Both d 15 A1GP and BWG from d 7 to 15 were reduced in inoculated chicks, Huff and SE, in experiment 3 (P < 0.05). Experiment 4 evaluated NC and LG with BW measured on d 0, 2, 7 and 14. Yolk sacs were evaluated for retention and bacterial enumeration, and blood for serum A1GP were collected on d 2 and 14. Experiment 4 resulted in no differences in yolk sac parameters or A1GP, whereas there was an increase in BWG for LG from d 0 to 14 (P < 0.05). When evaluated over time, serum A1GP increased between d 2 and d 14 by nearly 46% in LG, compared to negligible changes in NC (P = 0.111). Mild GI inflammation induced by early Enterobacteriaceae exposure may not drastically impact growth or inflammation parameters but may increase susceptibility to opportunistic infection necessitating further study of this model.
不适当的微生物定植会引发胃肠道（GI）炎症，可能使家禽易患机会性感染并降低生长性能。进行了四项独立实验来测试选择的肠杆菌科分离株诱导 GI 炎症的能力。实验 1 和 2 包括非接种对照（NC）以及低（L）、中（M）或高（H）孵化日龄（DOH）口服接种水平。在实验 1 中，L1、M1 和 H1 组的鸟类接受了 10 到 10 CFU 的两种柠檬酸杆菌和肠炎沙门氏菌 LB（SE）的混合剂量。在实验 2 中，L2、M2 和 H2 组的鸟类接受了 10 到 10 CFU 的大肠杆菌 LG（LG），并包括 NC。在第 0、7 和 14 天记录体重，在第 14 天采集血液用于鸡血清α-1-酸性糖蛋白（A1GP）测量。两个实验均未导致 BWG 差异，然而，与 NC 相比，当使用 10 CFU/只雏鸡的 DOH 接种剂量时，第 14 天 A1GP 增加（P<0.05）。A1GP 的这种观察到的增加导致在实验 3 和 4 中选择 10 CFU/只雏鸡进行 DOH 接种。实验 3 包括 NC、大肠杆菌 Huff（Huff）和 SE。在第 0、7 和 15 天测量 BW，并在第 15 天采集血液用于 A1GP。接种雏鸡的 Huff 和 SE 在实验 3 中第 15 天的 A1GP 和第 7 至 15 天的 BWG 均降低（P<0.05）。实验 4 评估了 NC 和 LG，在第 0、2、7 和 14 天测量 BW。在第 2 和 14 天评估蛋黄囊的保留和细菌计数，并采集血液用于血清 A1GP。实验 4 未导致蛋黄囊参数或 A1GP 出现差异，而 LG 从第 0 天到第 14 天的 BWG 增加（P<0.05）。从时间上评估时，LG 在第 2 天至第 14 天之间的血清 A1GP 增加了近 46%，而 NC 的变化可忽略不计（P=0.111）。早期肠杆菌科暴露引起的轻度胃肠道炎症可能不会严重影响生长或炎症参数，但可能会增加对机会性感染的易感性，因此需要进一步研究该模型。
