Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonary Disease Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
Front Immunol. 2021 May 19;12:670955. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.670955. eCollection 2021.
The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to an extraordinary threat to the global healthcare system. This infection disease, named COVID-19, is characterized by a wide clinical spectrum, ranging from asymptomatic or mild upper respiratory tract illness to severe viral pneumonia with fulminant cytokine storm, which leads to respiratory failure. To improve patient outcomes, both the inhibition of viral replication and of the unwarranted excessive inflammatory response are crucial. Since no specific antiviral drug has been proven effective for the treatment of patients and the only upcoming promising agents are monoclonal antibodies, inexpensive, safe, and widely available treatments are urgently needed. A potential anti-inflammatory molecule to be evaluated, which possesses antiviral activities in several experimental models, is the polyphenol resveratrol. This compound has been shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in human primary bronchial epithelial cell cultures and to downregulate several pathogenetic mechanisms involved in COVID-19 severity. The use of resveratrol in clinical practice is limited by the low bioavailability following oral administration, due to the pharmacokinetic and metabolic characteristics of the molecule. Therefore, topical administration through inhaled formulations could allow us to achieve sufficiently high concentrations of the compound in the airways, the entry route of SARS-CoV-2.
由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2 型（SARS-CoV-2）引起的大流行对全球医疗保健系统构成了非同寻常的威胁。这种感染病被命名为 COVID-19，其临床特征广泛，从无症状或轻度上呼吸道疾病到伴有暴发性细胞因子风暴的严重病毒性肺炎，导致呼吸衰竭。为改善患者预后，抑制病毒复制和过度炎症反应都至关重要。由于尚无有效的抗病毒药物被证明可用于治疗患者，而唯一有希望的药物是单克隆抗体，因此迫切需要廉价、安全且广泛可用的治疗方法。一种具有抗病毒活性的潜在抗炎分子——多酚白藜芦醇，值得评估。该化合物已被证明可抑制 SARS-CoV-2 在人原代支气管上皮细胞培养物中的复制，并下调 COVID-19 严重程度相关的几种发病机制。由于该分子的药代动力学和代谢特征，口服给药后生物利用度低，限制了白藜芦醇在临床实践中的应用。因此，通过吸入制剂进行局部给药可以使我们在气道中达到足够高的化合物浓度，而 SARS-CoV-2 正是通过气道进入人体的。
