Southeast Dairy Foods Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695.
Department of Food Science, Northeast Dairy Foods Research Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
J Dairy Sci. 2021 Aug;104(8):8630-8643. doi: 10.3168/jds.2020-18771. Epub 2021 Jun 5.
Our objective was to measure whey protein removal percentage from separated sweet whey using spiral-wound (SW) polymeric microfiltration (MF) membranes using a 3-stage, 3× process at 50°C and to compare the performance of polymeric membranes with ceramic membranes. Pasteurized, separated Cheddar cheese whey (1,080 kg) was microfiltered using a polymeric 0.3-μm polyvinylidene (PVDF) fluoride SW membrane and a 3×, 3-stage MF process. Cheese making and whey processing were replicated 3 times. There was no detectable level of lactoferrin and no intact α- or β-casein detected in the MF permeate from the 0.3-μm SW PVDF membranes used in this study. We found BSA and IgG in both the retentate and permeate. The β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) and α-lactalbumin (α-LA) partitioned between retentate and permeate, but β-LG passage through the membrane was retarded more than α-LA because the ratio of β-LG to α-LA was higher in the MF retentate than either in the sweet whey feed or the MF permeate. About 69% of the crude protein present in the pasteurized separated sweet whey was removed using a 3×, 3-stage, 0.3-μm SW PVDF MF process at 50°C compared with 0.1-μm ceramic graded permeability MF that removed about 85% of crude protein from sweet whey. The polymeric SW membranes used in this study achieve approximately 20% lower yield of whey protein isolate (WPI) and a 50% higher yield of whey protein phospholipid concentrate (WPPC) under the same MF processing conditions as ceramic MF membranes used in the comparison study. Total gross revenue from the sale of WPI plus WPPC produced with polymeric versus ceramic membranes is influenced by both the absolute market price for each product and the ratio of market price of these 2 products. The combination of the market price of WPPC versus WPI and the influence of difference in yield of WPPC and WPI produced with polymeric versus ceramic membranes yielded a price ratio of WPPC versus WPI of 0.556 as the cross over point that determined which membrane type achieves higher total gross revenue return from production of these 2 products from separated sweet whey. A complete economic engineering study comparison of the WPI and WPPC manufacturing costs for polymeric versus ceramic MF membranes is needed to determine the effect of membrane material selection on long-term processing costs, which will affect net revenue and profit when the same quantity of sweet whey is processed under various market price conditions.
我们的目标是使用螺旋缠绕（SW）聚合物微滤（MF）膜从分离的甜乳清中测量乳清蛋白的去除百分比，使用 3 级 3×工艺在 50°C 下进行，并比较聚合物膜与陶瓷膜的性能。使用聚合物 0.3-μm 聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）SW 膜和 3×3 级 MF 工艺对巴氏杀菌的分离切达干酪乳清（1080kg）进行微过滤。奶酪制作和乳清加工重复了 3 次。在本研究中使用的 0.3-μm SW PVDF 膜的 MF 渗透物中未检测到乳铁蛋白和完整的α-或β-酪蛋白。我们在截留物和渗透物中都发现了 BSA 和 IgG。β-乳球蛋白（β-LG）和α-乳白蛋白（α-LA）在截留物和渗透物之间分配，但β-LG 通过膜的传递速度比α-LA 慢，因为在 MF 截留物中β-LG 与α-LA 的比率高于甜乳清进料或 MF 渗透物中的比率。与使用 0.1-μm 陶瓷分级渗透率 MF 从甜乳清中去除约 85%的粗蛋白相比，在 50°C 下使用 3×3 级 0.3-μm SW PVDF MF 工艺，约 69%的巴氏杀菌分离甜乳清中的粗蛋白被去除。在与比较研究中使用的陶瓷 MF 膜相同的 MF 处理条件下，用于本研究的聚合物 SW 膜实现了约 20%的乳清蛋白分离物（WPI）产量降低和 50%的乳清蛋白磷脂浓缩物（WPPC）产量提高。使用聚合物膜与陶瓷膜生产 WPI 和 WPPC 的总毛收入受每种产品的绝对市场价格和这两种产品的市场价格之比的影响。WPPC 与 WPI 的市场价格组合以及聚合物与陶瓷膜生产的 WPPC 和 WPI 产量差异的影响产生了 WPPC 与 WPI 的价格比为 0.556，这是决定哪种膜类型从分离的甜乳清生产这两种产品中获得更高总毛收入回报的临界点。需要对聚合物与陶瓷 MF 膜的 WPI 和 WPPC 制造成本进行完整的经济工程学研究比较，以确定膜材料选择对长期加工成本的影响，这将在各种市场价格条件下处理相同数量的甜乳清时影响净收入和利润。
