Fingerhut Joerg
Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Department of Philosophy, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2021 May 25;12:635993. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.635993. eCollection 2021.
This paper argues that the still-emerging paradigm of situated cognition requires a more systematic perspective on media to capture the enculturation of the human mind. By virtue of being media, cultural artifacts present central experiential models of the world for our embodied minds to latch onto. The paper identifies references to external media within , and approaches to cognition, which remain underdeveloped in terms of the profound impact that media have on our mind. To grasp this impact, I propose an enactive account of media that is based on expansive habits as media-structured, embodied ways of bringing forth meaning and new domains of values. We apply such habits, for instance, when seeing a picture or perceiving a movie. They become established through a process of reciprocal adaptation between media artifacts and organisms and define the range of viable actions within such a media ecology. Within an artifactual habit, we then become attuned to a specific media work (e.g., a TV series, a picture, a text, or even a city) that engages us. Both the plurality of habits and the dynamical adjustments within a habit require a more flexible neural architecture than is addressed by classical cognitive neuroscience. To detail how neural and media processes interlock, I will introduce the concept of and discuss radical predictive processing accounts that could contribute to the externalization of the mind by treating media themselves as generative models of the world. After a short primer on general media theory, I discuss media examples in three domains: pictures and moving images; digital media; architecture and the built environment. This discussion demonstrates the need for a based on enactive artifactual habits-one that will help us gain perspective on the continuous re-mediation of our mind.
本文认为,仍在兴起的情境认知范式需要一种更系统的媒介视角,以把握人类思维的文化适应过程。凭借其媒介属性,文化制品为我们具身化的思维呈现了关于世界的核心经验模型,以供我们依附。本文识别了认知理论中对外部媒介的提及以及相关研究方法,这些在媒介对我们思维产生的深远影响方面仍未得到充分发展。为了理解这种影响,我提出了一种关于媒介的生成性解释,该解释基于扩展习性,即作为媒介结构化的、具身化的产生意义和新价值领域的方式。例如,当我们看一幅画或感知一部电影时,我们就运用了这样的习性。它们通过媒介制品与生物体之间的相互适应过程得以确立,并界定了这种媒介生态中可行行动的范围。在一种人工制品习性中,我们随后会适应吸引我们的特定媒介作品(例如一部电视剧、一幅画、一篇文本,甚至一座城市)。习性的多样性以及习性内部的动态调整都需要一种比经典认知神经科学所探讨的更为灵活的神经架构。为了详细说明神经过程与媒介过程是如何相互关联的,我将引入“生成性媒介”的概念,并讨论激进预测处理理论,这些理论通过将媒介本身视为世界的生成模型,可能有助于思维的外化。在对一般媒介理论进行简短介绍之后,我将在三个领域讨论媒介实例:图片与动态影像;数字媒介;建筑与建成环境。这一讨论表明需要一种基于生成性人工制品习性的媒介理论——这种理论将帮助我们理解思维的持续重新媒介化。