Hülpüsch Claudia, Reiger Matthias
Institut für Umweltmedizin, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, München, Deutschland.
Lehrstuhl für Umweltmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät Augsburg, Universität Augsburg, Neusäßer Str. 47, 86156, Augsburg, Deutschland.
Hautarzt. 2021 Jul;72(7):579-585. doi: 10.1007/s00105-021-04830-4. Epub 2021 Jun 11.
Our skin is a very important and complex organ of the body. The microorganisms of the skin, the so-called microbiome, represent an important part of the healthy skin barrier and are influenced by various external and internal factors.
The question to what extent the skin microbiome represents a diagnostic or even therapeutic target in the context of skin diseases is discussed.
A literature search was performed.
Several diseases are associated with negative alterations of the skin microbiome. In atopic dermatitis, a correlation between severity and increased availability of Staphylococcus aureus is known, with a loss of bacterial diversity on the skin. In the future, S. aureus will not only be used as a diagnostic marker in atopic dermatitis, but also represents a promising target as a predictive marker for therapeutic success. The role of the skin microbiome in psoriasis has not yet been researched in depth. However, there is evidence that dysbiosis of the skin microbiome contributes to the course of psoriasis and that there is a disturbance in immune tolerance in patients. In the case of acne, the involvement of Cutibacterium acnes in the clinical picture is well known; however, recent findings show that it is not sufficient to identify the species, but certain characteristics of C. acnes strains are associated.
Microbial biomarkers are currently only established in atopic dermatitis. For other diseases, this might be the case in the future; however combinations of microorganisms, single species and also strains with specific characteristics must be considered.
我们的皮肤是身体非常重要且复杂的器官。皮肤微生物群，即所谓的微生物组，是健康皮肤屏障的重要组成部分，并受到各种外部和内部因素的影响。
探讨皮肤微生物组在皮肤病背景下在多大程度上可作为诊断甚至治疗靶点。
进行了文献检索。
几种疾病与皮肤微生物组的负面改变有关。在特应性皮炎中，已知严重程度与金黄色葡萄球菌的可获得性增加之间存在关联，同时皮肤细菌多样性丧失。未来，金黄色葡萄球菌不仅将被用作特应性皮炎的诊断标志物，而且作为治疗成功的预测标志物也代表一个有前景的靶点。皮肤微生物组在银屑病中的作用尚未得到深入研究。然而，有证据表明皮肤微生物组的生态失调促成了银屑病的病程，并且患者存在免疫耐受紊乱。在痤疮方面，痤疮丙酸杆菌在临床表现中的参与是众所周知的；然而，最近的研究结果表明，仅识别该菌种是不够的，痤疮丙酸杆菌菌株的某些特征与之相关。
目前微生物生物标志物仅在特应性皮炎中确立。对于其他疾病，未来可能也是如此；然而，必须考虑微生物组合、单一菌种以及具有特定特征的菌株。
