Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
Eur Biophys J. 2022 Mar;51(2):105-117. doi: 10.1007/s00249-021-01551-3. Epub 2021 Jun 13.
Organoids are a novel three-dimensional stem cells' culture system that allows the in vitro recapitulation of organs/tissues structure complexity. Pluripotent and adult stem cells are included in a peculiar microenvironment consisting of a supporting structure (an extracellular matrix (ECM)-like component) and a cocktail of soluble bioactive molecules that, together, mimic the stem cell niche organization. It is noteworthy that the balance of all microenvironmental components is the most critical step for obtaining the successful development of an accurate organoid instead of an organoid with heterogeneous morphology, size, and cellular composition. Within this system, mechanical forces exerted on stem cells are collected by cellular proteins and transduced via mechanosensing-mechanotransduction mechanisms in biochemical signaling that dictate the stem cell specification process toward the formation of organoids. This review discusses the role of the environment in organoids formation and focuses on the effect of physical components on the developmental system. The work starts with a biological description of organoids and continues with the relevance of physical forces in the organoid environment formation. In this context, the methods used to generate organoids and some relevant published reports are discussed as examples showing the key role of mechanosensing-mechanotransduction mechanisms in stem cell-derived organoids.
类器官是一种新型的三维干细胞培养系统,可在体外再现器官/组织的结构复杂性。多能干细胞和成人干细胞包含在一个特殊的微环境中,该微环境由一个支持结构(细胞外基质样成分)和一组可溶性生物活性分子组成,共同模拟干细胞龛的组织。值得注意的是,所有微环境成分的平衡是获得成功发育的精确类器官的最关键步骤,而不是具有异质形态、大小和细胞组成的类器官。在这个系统中,干细胞上施加的机械力被细胞蛋白收集,并通过机械感应-机械转导机制在生化信号中传递,从而决定了干细胞的特化过程,形成类器官。本文讨论了环境在类器官形成中的作用,并重点关注物理成分对发育系统的影响。这项工作首先从类器官的生物学描述开始,然后继续讨论物理力在类器官环境形成中的相关性。在这方面,讨论了生成类器官的方法和一些相关的已发表报告,作为例子展示了机械感应-机械转导机制在干细胞衍生类器官中的关键作用。
Eur Biophys J. 2022-3
Ann Biomed Eng. 2020-7
Acta Biomater. 2021-9-15
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2022-11-14
Regen Eng Transl Med. 2023
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022-11-17
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2022-8
Eur J Pharmacol. 2016-11-5
APL Bioeng. 2025-7-18
Biomater Transl. 2024-11-15
Int J Mol Sci. 2024-9-26
ACS Omega. 2024-5-13
Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2024-7
IBRO Neurosci Rep. 2024-1-24
Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2024-2
Microsyst Nanoeng. 2020-10-5
Nat Cancer. 2020-8
Curr Top Membr. 2020
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2021-3-18
Cancers (Basel). 2021-2-19