Oh Djin-Ye, Buda Silke, Biere Barbara, Reiche Janine, Schlosser Frank, Duwe Susanne, Wedde Marianne, von Kleist Max, Mielke Martin, Wolff Thorsten, Dürrwald Ralf
Unit 17: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses | German National Influenza Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch-Institute, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States.
Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2021 Jul;6:100112. doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100112. Epub 2021 Jun 7.
During the initial COVID-19 response, Germany's Federal Government implemented several nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) that were instrumental in suppressing early exponential spread of SARS-CoV-2. NPI effect on the transmission of other respiratory viruses has not been examined at the national level thus far.
Upper respiratory tract specimens from 3580 patients with acute respiratory infection (ARI), collected within the nationwide German ARI Sentinel, underwent RT-PCR diagnostics for multiple respiratory viruses. The observation period (weeks 1-38 of 2020) included the time before, during and after a far-reaching contact ban. Detection rates for different viruses were compared to 2017-2019 sentinel data (15350 samples; week 1-38, 11823 samples).
The March 2020 contact ban, which was followed by a mask mandate, was associated with an unprecedented and sustained decline of multiple respiratory viruses. Among these, rhinovirus was the single agent that resurged to levels equalling those of previous years. Rhinovirus rebound was first observed in children, after schools and daycares had reopened. By contrast, other nonenveloped viruses (i.e. gastroenteritis viruses reported at the national level) suppressed after the shutdown did not rebound.
Contact restrictions with a subsequent mask mandate in spring may substantially reduce respiratory virus circulation. This reduction appears sustained for most viruses, indicating that the activity of influenza and other respiratory viruses during the subsequent winter season might be low,whereas rhinovirus resurgence, potentially driven by transmission in educational institutions in a setting of waning population immunity, might signal predominance of rhinovirus-related ARIs.
Robert Koch-Institute and German Ministry of Health.
在应对新冠疫情初期，德国联邦政府实施了多项非药物干预措施（NPIs），这些措施有助于抑制严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的早期指数级传播。迄今为止，尚未在国家层面研究非药物干预措施对其他呼吸道病毒传播的影响。
在德国全国急性呼吸道感染（ARI）哨点系统内收集的3580例急性呼吸道感染患者的上呼吸道标本，接受了多种呼吸道病毒的逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）诊断。观察期（2020年第1 - 38周）包括全面接触禁令实施前、期间和之后的时间。将不同病毒的检出率与2017 - 2019年哨点数据（15350份样本；第1 - 38周，11823份样本）进行比较。
2020年3月的接触禁令之后是强制佩戴口罩，这与多种呼吸道病毒前所未有的持续下降有关。其中，鼻病毒是唯一回升至前几年水平的病毒。鼻病毒反弹首先在学校和日托机构重新开放后的儿童中观察到。相比之下，其他无包膜病毒（即国家层面报告的肠胃炎病毒）在关闭后受到抑制，并未反弹。
春季实施接触限制并随后强制佩戴口罩可能会大幅减少呼吸道病毒的传播。这种减少对大多数病毒来说似乎是持续的，这表明随后冬季流感和其他呼吸道病毒的活动可能较低，而鼻病毒的复苏，可能是在人群免疫力下降的情况下由教育机构中的传播驱动，可能预示着与鼻病毒相关的急性呼吸道感染占主导地位。
罗伯特·科赫研究所和德国卫生部。
