Department of Mechanical Engineering, City and Guilds Building, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
Centre of Advanced Structural Ceramics, Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
J R Soc Interface. 2021 Jun;18(179):20210162. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0162. Epub 2021 Jun 16.
Diverse unique surfaces exist in nature, e.g. lotus leaf, rose petal and rice leaf. They show similar contact angles but different adhesion properties. According to the different wettability and adhesion characteristics, this review reclassifies different contact states of droplets on surfaces. Inspired by the biological surfaces, smart artificial surfaces have been developed which respond to external stimuli and consequently switch between different states. Responsive surfaces driven by various stimuli, e.g. stretching, magnetic, photo, electric, temperature, humidity and pH, are discussed. Studies reporting on either atmospheric or underwater environments are discussed. The application of tailoring surface wettability and adhesion includes microfluidics/droplet manipulation, liquid transport and harvesting, water energy harvesting and flexible smart devices. Particular attention is placed on the horizontal comparison of smart surfaces with the same stimuli. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects in this field are also identified.
自然界存在着多种多样的独特表面，例如荷叶、玫瑰花瓣和水稻叶片。它们具有相似的接触角，但粘附性能却不同。根据润湿性和粘附特性的不同，本文对液滴在表面上的不同接触状态进行了重新分类。受生物表面的启发，已经开发出了智能人工表面，它们可以对外界刺激做出响应，并在不同状态之间切换。本文讨论了各种刺激驱动的响应表面，例如拉伸、磁场、光、电、温度、湿度和 pH。讨论了在大气或水下环境中进行的研究。关于表面润湿性和粘附性的调控应用包括微流控/液滴操控、液体传输和收集、水能收集和柔性智能器件。特别关注了具有相同刺激的智能表面的横向比较。最后，还确定了该领域当前的挑战和未来的前景。
