Shokoohi Reza, Khazaei Mohammad, Karami Manoochehr, Seid-Mohammadi Abdolmotaleb, Khotanlou Hassan, Berijani Nima, Torkshavand Zahra
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2021 May 5;19(1):1047-1055. doi: 10.1007/s40201-021-00671-4. eCollection 2021 Jun.
In the current study, the concentration of heavy metals (Ba, Mn, Pb, and Cd) in drinking water resources of 328 villages in Hamadan Province were measured using ICP-OES apparatus during two dry (September 2018) and wet (April 2019) seasons. The assessment of the non-carcinogenic risk of selected heavy metals was conducted based on the recommendations of the USEPA. Also, sensitivity analysis and uncertainty of the effective variables were performed using Monte-Carlo simulations. Based on the results, Mn level in drinking water samples ranged 0.08-25.63 μg/L and 0.08-20.03 μg/L in dry and wet seasons, respectively. Similarly, Ba levels in water samples ranged 0.15-70.13 μg/L and 0.84-65 μg/L. Also, Cd and Pb concentrations in all sampling sites were below the limits of detection (LOD) of the ICP-OES apparatus. The hazard index (HI) values for adult and children were 2.17 × 10 and 3.29 × 10, respectively, which show a lack of non-carcinogenic risk for the examined heavy metals (Mn and Ba) to the local inhabitants. The results of the sensitivity analyses for adults and children revealed that two variables including metal concentration and ingestion rate of drinking water (IR) had the highest positive effects on the non-carcinogenic risk estimates. It was also found that there was no significant non-carcinogenic risk for the local residents in the studied area due to drinking water consumption.
在本研究中，于2018年9月（旱季）和2019年4月（雨季）期间，使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪（ICP - OES）测定了哈马丹省328个村庄饮用水源中重金属（钡、锰、铅和镉）的浓度。基于美国环境保护局（USEPA）的建议，对选定重金属的非致癌风险进行了评估。此外，使用蒙特卡罗模拟对有效变量进行了敏感性分析和不确定性分析。结果显示，饮用水样本中锰的含量在旱季为0.08 - 25.63μg/L，雨季为0.08 - 20.03μg/L。同样，水样中钡的含量范围分别为0.15 - 70.13μg/L和0.84 - 65μg/L。此外，所有采样点的镉和铅浓度均低于ICP - OES仪器的检测限（LOD）。成人和儿童的危害指数（HI）值分别为2.17×10和3.29×10，这表明所检测的重金属（锰和钡）对当地居民不存在非致癌风险。成人和儿童的敏感性分析结果表明，金属浓度和饮用水摄入率（IR）这两个变量对非致癌风险估计的正向影响最大。研究还发现，该研究区域的当地居民因饮用该水源水不存在显著的非致癌风险。
