Dashtizadeh Mohadeseh, Kamani Hossein, Ashrafi Seyed Davoud, Panahi Ayat Hossein, Mahvi Amir Hossein, Balarak Davoud, Hoseini Mohammad, Ansari Hossein, Bazrafshan Edris, Parsafar Fatemeh
1Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
2Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Research Center of Health and Environment, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2019 Dec 20;17(2):1163-1169. doi: 10.1007/s40201-019-00430-6. eCollection 2019 Dec.
Daily intake of elements through the consumption of drinking water, due to its detrimental effects, is accounted for an important concern. Although the health risk assessment of heavy metals in different water sources has extensively carried out in various studies, the effect of age and the concentration of all trace elements in drinking tap water have neglected. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the concentrations of heavy metals, e.g., As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, B, Al, Hg, Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe, Se and Ba in the drinking tap water of Zahedan city and to estimate their non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects. Moreover, this is the first research in Iran that has also been dedicated to complete investigation on daily intakes of trace elements in tap water. A total of 155 samples of drinking water were randomly taken from the tap water and were analyzed using ICP-OES device. The estimation of the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of analyzed elements was carried out based on the guidelines of the U.S EPA. The hazard index (HI) values for children and adult age groups were 9.84E-01 and 4.22E-01, respectively. The cumulative Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) for carcinogenic trace elements was in range of tolerable carcinogenic risk 10 to10 and for all carcinogenic elements were in the order of Pb > Cd > Cr. It also detected that the total carcinogenic risks of the Cd, As and Cr in water samples through the ingestion route are at the levels of "low risk" and "low-medium risk".
由于饮用水摄入元素具有有害影响，因此它成为一个重要的关注点。尽管在各种研究中已广泛开展了不同水源中重金属的健康风险评估，但年龄的影响以及自来水中所有微量元素的浓度却被忽视了。因此，本研究旨在评估扎黑丹市自来水中重金属如砷、镉、铬、镍、铅、硼、铝、汞、锰、锌、铜、铁、硒和钡的浓度，并估计它们的非致癌和致癌作用。此外，这也是伊朗首次致力于全面调查自来水中微量元素每日摄入量的研究。总共从自来水中随机采集了155份饮用水样本，并使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪（ICP - OES）设备进行分析。根据美国环境保护局（U.S EPA）的指导方针，对分析元素的致癌和非致癌风险进行了评估。儿童和成人年龄组的危害指数（HI）值分别为9.84E - 01和4.22E - 01。致癌微量元素的累积终身超额癌症风险（ELCR）在可接受致癌风险10至10的范围内，所有致癌元素的顺序为铅＞镉＞铬。研究还检测到，水样中镉、砷和铬通过摄入途径产生的总致癌风险处于“低风险”和“低 - 中风险”水平。
