Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.
Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2021 Nov;19(11):701-715. doi: 10.1038/s41579-021-00577-w. Epub 2021 Jun 25.
Concerns over climate change have necessitated a rethinking of our transportation infrastructure. One possible alternative to carbon-polluting fossil fuels is biofuels produced by engineered microorganisms that use a renewable carbon source. Two biofuels, ethanol and biodiesel, have made inroads in displacing petroleum-based fuels, but their uptake has been limited by the amounts that can be used in conventional engines and by their cost. Advanced biofuels that mimic petroleum-based fuels are not limited by the amounts that can be used in existing transportation infrastructure but have had limited uptake due to costs. In this Review, we discuss engineering metabolic pathways to produce advanced biofuels, challenges with substrate and product toxicity with regard to host microorganisms and methods to engineer tolerance, and the use of functional genomics and machine learning approaches to produce advanced biofuels and prospects for reducing their costs.
气候变化问题促使我们重新思考交通运输基础设施。一种替代碳污染化石燃料的可能方案是利用可再生碳源工程化微生物来生产生物燃料。两种生物燃料，乙醇和生物柴油，已经在取代石油基燃料方面取得了一定进展，但由于其在传统发动机中的使用量和成本限制，其应用仍然有限。在现有交通运输基础设施中，模拟石油基燃料的先进生物燃料不受使用量的限制，但由于成本原因，其应用仍然有限。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了通过工程化代谢途径来生产先进生物燃料的方法，以及宿主微生物的底物和产物毒性方面的挑战和解决方法，包括工程化耐受的方法，以及利用功能基因组学和机器学习方法来生产先进生物燃料的方法和降低其成本的前景。
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