ICAP at Columbia University, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
Gulu University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Gulu, Uganda.
Pan Afr Med J. 2021 Mar 23;38:303. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.303.24008. eCollection 2021.
As of March 11, 2021, 3,992,044 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and 106,615 deaths (case fatality rate 2.67%) have been reported on the African continent. In March 2020, even before the first case of COVID-19 was registered, some African countries implemented total lockdown measures, which limited movement of people, banned mass gatherings, and closed schools and borders. However, these control measures, which affect individuals and society's well-being, cannot be implemented for a long time. There is an urgent need for a robust framework to guide African countries to make evidence-based decisions on easing these restrictive measures and reapply them when the infection rates increase significantly. This article presents a proposed framework to guide lockdown easing while limiting the community spread of COVID-19 in Africa. Due to lack of information on the impact of relaxing restrictions on peoples' movement on the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent for COVID-19) and how businesses will respond, it is almost clear that there is no single grand lockdown exit strategy. African governments should develop flexible, iterative lockdown exit plans based on epidemiological disease data, economic indicators, and peoples' views to inform decisions, all of which are paramount for success. A phased approach of changes and willingness to adapt methods will allow governments to minimize the pandemic's adverse impact and respond accordingly as new control tools become available.
截至 2021 年 3 月 11 日,非洲大陆已报告 3992044 例 2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)病例和 106615 例死亡(病死率 2.67%)。2020 年 3 月,甚至在首例 COVID-19 病例报告之前,一些非洲国家就实施了全面封锁措施,限制了人员流动,禁止大规模集会,并关闭了学校和边境。然而,这些影响个人和社会福祉的控制措施不能长期实施。迫切需要一个强有力的框架,以指导非洲国家在放宽这些限制措施方面做出基于证据的决策,并在感染率显著增加时重新实施这些措施。本文提出了一个框架建议,以指导非洲国家在放宽封锁的同时限制 COVID-19 在社区的传播。由于缺乏有关放宽对人们流动的限制对严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2(SARS-CoV-2,COVID-19 的病原体)传播的影响以及企业将如何做出反应的信息,几乎可以肯定的是,不存在单一的重大封锁退出策略。非洲各国政府应根据流行病学疾病数据、经济指标和民众意见制定灵活、迭代的封锁退出计划,以做出决策,所有这些对于成功都是至关重要的。改变的分阶段方法和愿意适应方法将使各国政府能够最大限度地减少大流行的不利影响,并在新的控制工具可用时做出相应的反应。