Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021 Sep;128:346-357. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.034. Epub 2021 Jun 25.
Fructose consumption has been linked with metabolic syndrome and obesity. Fructose-based sweeteners like high fructose corn syrup taste sweeter, improve food palatability, and are increasingly prevalent in our diet. The increase in fructose consumption precedes the rise in obesity and is a contributing driver to the obesity epidemic worldwide. The role of dietary fructose in obesity can be multifactorial by promoting visceral adiposity, hypertension, and insulin resistance. Interestingly, one emergent finding from human and animal studies is that dietary fructose promotes overfeeding. As the brain is a critical regulator of food intake, we reviewed the evidence that fructose can act in the brain and elucidated the major brain systems underlying fructose-induced overfeeding. We found that fructose acts on multiple interdependent brain systems to increase orexigenic drive and the incentive salience of food while decreasing the latency between food bouts and reducing cognitive control to disinhibit feeding. We concluded that the collective actions of fructose may promote feeding behavior by producing a hunger-like state in the brain.
果糖的摄入与代谢综合征和肥胖有关。高果糖玉米糖浆等果糖甜味剂的味道更甜，能提高食物的可口性，在我们的饮食中越来越普遍。果糖摄入量的增加先于肥胖的增加，是导致全球肥胖流行的一个促成因素。饮食中的果糖在肥胖中的作用可能是多方面的，它可以促进内脏脂肪、高血压和胰岛素抵抗。有趣的是，从人类和动物研究中得出的一个新发现是，饮食中的果糖会促进过度喂养。由于大脑是食物摄入的关键调节者，我们回顾了果糖可以在大脑中发挥作用的证据，并阐明了导致果糖引起过度喂养的主要大脑系统。我们发现，果糖作用于多个相互依赖的大脑系统，增加食欲驱动和食物的激励价值，同时减少进食之间的潜伏期，并降低认知控制以抑制进食。我们得出结论，果糖的集体作用可能通过在大脑中产生类似饥饿的状态来促进进食行为。
