School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK; NIHR Yorkshire and Humber Patient Safety Translational Research Centre. Bradford Institute for Health Research, Temple Bank House, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK.
School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK; Medicines Management and Pharmacy Services, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
Res Social Adm Pharm. 2021 Dec;17(12):2127-2135. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.06.004. Epub 2021 Jun 12.
Experience-Based Co-Design (EBCD) is a participatory design method which was originally developed and is still primarily used as a healthcare quality improvement tool. Traditionally, EBCD has been sited within single services or settings and has yielded improvements grounded in the experiences of those delivering and receiving care.
In this article we present how EBCD can be adapted to develop complex interventions, underpinned by theory, to be tested more widely within the healthcare system as part of a multi-phase, multi-site research study. We begin with an outline of co-design and the stages of EBCD. We then provide an overview of how EBCD can be assimilated into an intervention development and evaluation study, giving examples of the adaptations and research tools and methods that can be deployed. We also suggest how to appraise the resulting intervention so it is realistic and tractable in multiple sites. We describe how EBCD can be combined with different behaviour change theories and methods for intervention development and finally, we make suggestions about the skills needed for successful intervention development using EBCD.
EBCD has been recognised as being a collaborative approach to improving healthcare services that puts patients and healthcare staff at the heart of initiatives and potential changes. We have demonstrated how EBCD can be integrated into a research project and how existing research approaches can be assimilated into EBCD stages. We have also suggested where behaviour change theories can be used to better understand intervention change mechanisms.
基于经验的共同设计（EBCD）是一种参与式设计方法，最初是为医疗保健质量改进工具而开发的，目前仍主要用于此用途。传统上，EBCD 局限于单一服务或环境中，并基于提供和接受护理的人员的经验产生改进。
在本文中，我们介绍了如何调整 EBCD 以开发复杂的干预措施，这些干预措施以理论为基础，并作为多阶段、多地点研究的一部分在医疗保健系统中更广泛地进行测试。我们首先概述共同设计和 EBCD 的阶段。然后，我们概述了如何将 EBCD 纳入干预措施的开发和评估研究中，提供了可以部署的适应和研究工具和方法的示例。我们还提出了如何评估由此产生的干预措施，使其在多个地点具有现实性和可操作性。我们描述了如何将 EBCD 与不同的行为改变理论和方法结合起来用于干预措施的开发，最后，我们对使用 EBCD 成功开发干预措施所需的技能提出了建议。
EBCD 已被公认为是一种协作方法，用于改善将患者和医疗保健人员置于计划和潜在变革核心的医疗保健服务。我们已经展示了如何将 EBCD 集成到研究项目中，以及如何将现有的研究方法纳入 EBCD 阶段。我们还提出了可以使用行为改变理论来更好地理解干预变化机制的地方。
