Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
Molecules. 2021 Jun 4;26(11):3406. doi: 10.3390/molecules26113406.
In both humans and animal models, consumption of a high-saturated-fat diet has been linked to vascular dysfunction and cognitive impairments. Laboratory animals provide excellent models for more invasive high-fat-diet-related research. However, the physiological differences between humans and common animal models in terms of how they react metabolically to high-fat diets need to be considered. Here, we review the factors that may affect the translatability of mechanistic research in animal models, paying special attention to the effects of a high-fat diet on vascular outcomes. We draw attention to the dissociation between metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia in rodents, unlike the state in humans, where the two commonly occur. We also discuss the differential vulnerability between species to the metabolic and vascular effects of macronutrients in the diet. Findings from animal studies are better interpreted as modeling specific aspects of dysfunction. We conclude that the differences between species provide an opportunity to explore why some species are protected from the detrimental aspects of high-fat-diet-induced dysfunction, and to translate these findings into benefits for human health.
在人类和动物模型中，摄入高脂肪饮食与血管功能障碍和认知障碍有关。实验室动物为更具侵袭性的高脂肪饮食相关研究提供了极好的模型。然而，需要考虑人类和常见动物模型在代谢方面对高脂肪饮食的反应存在生理差异。在这里，我们回顾了可能影响动物模型中机制研究可转化性的因素，特别关注高脂肪饮食对血管结果的影响。我们提请注意代谢综合征和脂血症在啮齿动物中的分离，与人类不同，在人类中，这两种情况通常同时发生。我们还讨论了不同物种对饮食中宏量营养素的代谢和血管作用的不同脆弱性。动物研究的结果最好被解释为模拟特定方面的功能障碍。我们得出结论，物种之间的差异为探索为什么某些物种免受高脂肪饮食引起的功能障碍的有害方面提供了机会，并将这些发现转化为人类健康的益处。
