Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.
R&D Center for Tailor-Made QOL, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba 305-8550, Japan.
Nutrients. 2021 Jun 10;13(6):2003. doi: 10.3390/nu13062003.
The effectiveness of anthocyanins may differ according to their chemical structures; however, randomized clinical controlled trials (RCTs) or meta-analyses that examine the consequences of these structural differences have not been reported yet. In this meta-analysis, anthocyanins in test foods of 18 selected RCTs were categorized into three types: cyanidin-, delphinidin-, and malvidin-based. Delphinidin-based anthocyanins demonstrated significant effects on triglycerides (mean difference (MD): -0.24, < 0.01), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (MD: -0.28, < 0.001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (MD: 0.11, < 0.01), whereas no significant effects were observed for cyanidin- and malvidin-based anthocyanins. Although non-significant, favorable effects on total cholesterol (TC) and HDL-C were observed for cyanidin- and malvidin-based anthocyanins, respectively (both < 0.1). The ascending order of effectiveness on TC and LDL-C was delphinidin-, cyanidin-, and malvidin-based anthocyanins, and the differences among the three groups were significant (both < 0.05). We could not confirm the significant effects of each main anthocyanin on glucose metabolism; however, insulin resistance index changed positively and negatively with cyanidin- and delphinidin-based anthocyanins, respectively. Therefore, foods containing mainly unmethylated anthocyanins, especially with large numbers of OH groups, may improve glucose and lipid metabolism more effectively than those containing methylated anthocyanins.
花色苷的功效可能因其化学结构而异；然而，目前尚未有研究这些结构差异后果的随机对照临床试验（RCT）或荟萃分析。在这项荟萃分析中，将 18 项入选 RCT 中测试食品中的花色苷分为 3 种类型：矢车菊素、飞燕草素和锦葵色素型。飞燕草素型花色苷对甘油三酯（MD：-0.24， < 0.01）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）（MD：-0.28， < 0.001）和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）（MD：0.11， < 0.01）有显著影响，而矢车菊素和锦葵色素型花色苷则无显著影响。虽然无显著影响，但矢车菊素和锦葵色素型花色苷分别对总胆固醇（TC）和 HDL-C 有有利影响（均 < 0.1）。TC 和 LDL-C 功效的升序为飞燕草素型、矢车菊素型和锦葵色素型，三组之间的差异有统计学意义（均 < 0.05）。我们无法证实每种主要花色苷对葡萄糖代谢的显著影响；然而，胰岛素抵抗指数分别随着矢车菊素和飞燕草素型花色苷的增加而呈正向和负向变化。因此，富含非甲基化花色苷的食物，尤其是含有大量 OH 基团的食物，可能比富含甲基化花色苷的食物更有效地改善葡萄糖和脂质代谢。
