Departamento de Psicología, Instituto Universitario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Social y Sostenible (INDESS), Campus Universitario de Jerez, Avda. de la Universidad s/n., Universidad de Cádiz, 11405 Cádiz, Spain.
Departamento de Historia, Geografía y Filosofía, Instituto Universitario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Social y Sostenible (INDESS), Campus Universitario de Jerez, Avda. de la Universidad s/n., Universidad de Cádiz, 11405 Cádiz, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jun 8;18(12):6190. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18126190.
The pandemic generated by COVID-19 is one of the most complex challenges humanity has faced in recent years. This study aims to explore the levels of dispositional optimism, resilience and psychological well-being in the sociodemographic and economic situation produced during the state of alarm and to investigate the resilience mediation between optimism and psychological well-being. The sample included 566 volunteers from Spain (73.5% women; = 40.2 years, = 12.8). An ad hoc questionnaire was applied to request socioeconomic data and dispositional optimism (LOT-R). Resilience and psychological well-being were, respectively, evaluated by the Ryff scale and the Wagnild and Young scale. The results show that older and people with higher educational levels are more optimistic and have better psychological well-being. Well-being is also greater in married, divorced and widowed people and in those who have lived in outdoor spaces. However, those with spaced housing were more optimistic. Finally, it was found that the most optimistic people have better psychological well-being and that this is increased by the mediation process exercised by the ability to overcome adversity, provided age and educational level are controlled. It can be concluded that the design of preventive programs focused on improving strengths, positive emotions and skills in the population would be convenient to protect mental health.
由 COVID-19 引发的大流行是近年来人类所面临的最复杂的挑战之一。本研究旨在探讨在警报状态下产生的社会人口和经济状况下的特质乐观、韧性和心理健康水平，并调查韧性在乐观和心理健康之间的中介作用。该样本包括来自西班牙的 566 名志愿者（73.5%为女性； = 40.2 岁， = 12.8）。应用了一份特定的问卷来请求社会经济数据和特质乐观（LOT-R）。韧性和心理健康分别由 Ryff 量表和 Wagnild 和 Young 量表评估。结果表明，年龄较大和受教育程度较高的人更乐观，心理健康状况更好。已婚、离婚和丧偶的人以及居住在户外空间的人幸福感更强。然而，那些居住在空间较大的房屋中的人更乐观。最后，研究发现，最乐观的人心理健康状况更好，并且这种状况通过克服逆境的能力所发挥的中介过程得到了增强，前提是控制年龄和教育水平。可以得出结论，设计针对改善人口优势、积极情绪和技能的预防计划将有助于保护心理健康。
