Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Adva. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain.
Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15872 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Molecules. 2021 Jun 23;26(13):3832. doi: 10.3390/molecules26133832.
Proteomics is a new area of study that in recent decades has provided great advances in the field of medicine. However, its enormous potential for the study of proteomes makes it also applicable to other areas of science. Milk is a highly heterogeneous and complex fluid, where there are numerous genetic variants and isoforms with post-translational modifications (PTMs). Due to the vast number of proteins and peptides existing in its matrix, proteomics is presented as a powerful tool for the characterization of milk samples and their products. The technology developed to date for the separation and characterization of the milk proteome, such as two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) technology and especially mass spectrometry (MS) have allowed an exhaustive characterization of the proteins and peptides present in milk and dairy products with enormous applications in the industry for the control of fundamental parameters, such as microbiological safety, the guarantee of authenticity, or the control of the transformations carried out, aimed to increase the quality of the final product.
蛋白质组学是一个新兴的研究领域，近几十年来在医学领域取得了巨大的进展。然而，其对蛋白质组学的巨大研究潜力也使其适用于其他科学领域。牛奶是一种高度异质和复杂的流体，其中存在许多具有翻译后修饰（PTMs）的遗传变异体和同工型。由于其基质中存在大量的蛋白质和肽，蛋白质组学成为了对牛奶样本及其产品进行特征描述的有力工具。迄今为止，为了分离和表征乳蛋白质组而开发的技术，如二维凝胶电泳（2DE）技术和特别是质谱（MS）技术，已经允许对牛奶和乳制品中存在的蛋白质和肽进行详尽的特征描述，这些技术在工业中有许多应用，例如控制基本参数，如微生物安全性、真实性保证或控制所进行的转化，旨在提高最终产品的质量。
