Buratta Sandra, Urbanelli Lorena, Tognoloni Alessia, Latella Raffaella, Cerrotti Giada, Emiliani Carla, Chiaradia Elisabetta
Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
Life (Basel). 2023 Feb 1;13(2):401. doi: 10.3390/life13020401.
The characterization of the protein and lipid cargo of milk extracellular vesicles from different mammal species is crucial for understanding their biogenesis and biological functions, as well as for a comprehensive description of the nutritional aspects of animal milk for human diet. In fact, milk EVs have been reported to possess relevant biological effects, but the molecules/biochemical pathways underlying these effects have been poorly investigated. The biochemical characterization is an important initial step for the potential therapeutic and diagnostic use of natural or modified milk EVs. The number of studies analysing the protein and lipid composition of milk EVs is limited compared to that investigating the nucleic acid cargo. Here, we revised the literature regarding the protein and lipid content of milk EVs. Until now, most investigations have shown that the biochemical cargo of EVs is different with respect to that of other milk fractions. In addition, even if these studies derived mostly from bovine and human milk EVs, comparison between milk EVs from different animal species and milk EVs biochemical composition changes due to different factors including lactation stages and health status is also beginning to be reported.
对来自不同哺乳动物物种的乳汁细胞外囊泡的蛋白质和脂质成分进行表征，对于理解其生物发生和生物学功能至关重要，同时对于全面描述动物乳汁对人类饮食的营养方面也很重要。事实上，已有报道称乳汁细胞外囊泡具有相关生物学效应，但这些效应背后的分子/生化途径尚未得到充分研究。生化表征是天然或修饰乳汁细胞外囊泡潜在治疗和诊断用途的重要初始步骤。与研究核酸成分相比，分析乳汁细胞外囊泡蛋白质和脂质组成的研究数量有限。在此，我们回顾了有关乳汁细胞外囊泡蛋白质和脂质含量的文献。到目前为止，大多数研究表明，细胞外囊泡的生化成分与其他乳汁成分不同。此外，即使这些研究大多来自牛乳和人乳细胞外囊泡，但不同动物物种的乳汁细胞外囊泡之间以及由于泌乳阶段和健康状况等不同因素导致的乳汁细胞外囊泡生化组成变化的比较也开始有报道。
