International Council of Sport Science and Physical Education (ICSSPE/CIEPSS), 14053 Berlin, Germany.
Institute of Sport Science, University of Vienna, 1150 Vienna, Austria.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jun 17;18(12):6543. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18126543.
There is convincing evidence on the effects of sport and exercise on mental health and well-being. Less evidence is provided about how to achieve these benefits in the context of grassroots sport coaching. We systematically reviewed the scientific literature of three databases to narratively synthesize the current knowledge about which coaching-related factors influence well-being or ill-being, and how to promote mental health in adult athletes through sport coaches. The review includes 52 studies with different methodological and theoretical approaches and mental health outcomes. The wide range of themes were mapped and synthesized within two clusters, i.e., coaching behavior, antecedents, and context; and coach-athlete relationship and social support. The results highlight the importance of the promotion of empowering environments, autonomy-supportive coaching behavior, and coach-athlete relationship quality that relate to the satisfaction of basic psychological needs. The review also calls for a critical perspective, in the sense that the coaching context and working environment may not be empowering and supportive to the well-being of coaches and consequently to the athletes, and that coaches who want to provide autonomy-supportive environments may face various obstacles. Finally, the review synthesizes recommendations for the training of coaches, as one piece of a holistic mental health promotion.
有确凿证据表明运动和锻炼对心理健康和幸福感有积极影响。然而，关于如何在基层体育教练的背景下实现这些益处的证据较少。我们系统地回顾了三个数据库的科学文献，以叙述性综合的方式总结了当前关于哪些教练相关因素会影响幸福感或不幸福感，以及体育教练如何通过运动来促进成年运动员的心理健康的知识。该综述包括 52 项具有不同方法和理论方法和心理健康结果的研究。在两个集群内对广泛的主题进行了映射和综合，即教练行为、前因和背景；以及教练-运动员关系和社会支持。研究结果强调了促进赋权环境、支持自主的教练行为以及与基本心理需求满足相关的教练-运动员关系质量的重要性。该综述还呼吁采取批判的观点，即教练的背景和工作环境可能对教练的幸福感以及运动员的幸福感没有赋权和支持，而且希望提供自主支持环境的教练可能会面临各种障碍。最后，该综述综合了对教练培训的建议，作为整体心理健康促进的一部分。
