Institut UTINAM, UMR CNRS 6213, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France.
Biosensors (Basel). 2021 Jun 3;11(6):179. doi: 10.3390/bios11060179.
Neurotransmitters are biochemical molecules that transmit a signal from a neuron across the synapse to a target cell, thus being essential to the function of the central and peripheral nervous system. Dopamine is one of the most important catecholamine neurotransmitters since it is involved in many functions of the human central nervous system, including motor control, reward, or reinforcement. It is of utmost importance to quantify the amount of dopamine since abnormal levels can cause a variety of medical and behavioral problems. For instance, Parkinson's disease is partially caused by the death of dopamine-secreting neurons. To date, various methods have been developed to measure dopamine levels, and electrochemical biosensing seems to be the most viable due to its robustness, selectivity, sensitivity, and the possibility to achieve real-time measurements. Even if the electrochemical detection is not facile due to the presence of electroactive interfering species with similar redox potentials in real biological samples, numerous strategies have been employed to resolve this issue. The objective of this paper is to review the materials (metals and metal oxides, carbon materials, polymers) that are frequently used for the electrochemical biosensing of dopamine and point out their respective advantages and drawbacks. Different types of dopamine biosensors, including (micro)electrodes, biosensing platforms, or field-effect transistors, are also described.
神经递质是一种生化分子，它将信号从神经元传递到突触中的靶细胞，因此对中枢和外周神经系统的功能至关重要。多巴胺是最重要的儿茶酚胺神经递质之一，因为它参与了人类中枢神经系统的许多功能，包括运动控制、奖励或强化。定量测定多巴胺的含量非常重要，因为异常水平会导致各种医学和行为问题。例如，帕金森病部分是由多巴胺分泌神经元的死亡引起的。迄今为止，已经开发了各种方法来测量多巴胺水平，电化学生物传感似乎是最可行的，因为它具有稳健性、选择性、灵敏度以及实现实时测量的可能性。即使由于真实生物样本中具有相似氧化还原电位的电化学活性干扰物质的存在，电化学检测并不容易，但已经采用了许多策略来解决这个问题。本文的目的是综述常用于电化学检测多巴胺的材料（金属和金属氧化物、碳材料、聚合物），并指出它们各自的优点和缺点。还描述了不同类型的多巴胺生物传感器，包括（微）电极、生物传感平台或场效应晶体管。
