Alfano Vincenzo, Zeisel Mirjam B, Levrero Massimo, Guerrieri Francesca
Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), UMR Inserm 1052 CNRS 5286 Mixte CLB, Université de Lyon 1 (UCBL1), 69003 Lyon, France.
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Croix Rousse, Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, 69004 Lyon, France.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Jun 22;13(13):3115. doi: 10.3390/cancers13133115.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the fourth leading and fastest rising cause of cancer death (841,000 new cases and 782,000 deaths annually), and hepatitis B (HBV), with 250 million people chronically infected at risk of developing HCC, accounts for >50% of the cases worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), untranslated transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides, are implicated in gene regulation at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, exerting their activities both in the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. Thanks to high-throughput sequencing techniques, several lncRNAs have been shown to favor the establishment of chronic HBV infection, to change the host transcriptome to establish a pro-carcinogenic environment, and to directly participate in HCC development and progression. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the role of lncRNAs in HBV infection and HBV-related liver carcinogenesis and discuss the potential of lncRNAs as predictive or diagnostic biomarkers.
肝细胞癌（HCC）是第四大致死率最高且上升速度最快的癌症（每年有84.1万新发病例和78.2万例死亡），而乙型肝炎（HBV）有2.5亿慢性感染者面临发展为HCC的风险，占全球病例的50%以上。长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）是长度超过200个核苷酸的非翻译转录本，在转录和转录后水平参与基因调控，在细胞核和细胞质区室中发挥作用。由于高通量测序技术，已显示几种lncRNA有利于慢性HBV感染的建立，改变宿主转录组以建立促癌环境，并直接参与HCC的发生和发展。在本综述中，我们总结了关于lncRNA在HBV感染和HBV相关肝癌发生中作用的当前知识，并讨论了lncRNA作为预测或诊断生物标志物的潜力。
