Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
Qingdao Institute of Measurement Technology, Qingdao 266000, China.
Mar Drugs. 2021 Jun 16;19(6):345. doi: 10.3390/md19060345.
Marine biomass is a treasure trove of materials. Marine polysaccharides have the characteristics of biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, low cost, and abundance. An enormous variety of polysaccharides can be extracted from marine organisms such as algae, crustaceans, and microorganisms. The most studied marine polysaccharides include chitin, chitosan, alginates, hyaluronic acid, fucoidan, carrageenan, agarose, and Ulva. Marine polysaccharides have a wide range of applications in the field of biomedical materials, such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound dressings, and sensors. The drug delivery system (DDS) can comprehensively control the distribution of drugs in the organism in space, time, and dosage, thereby increasing the utilization efficiency of drugs, reducing costs, and reducing toxic side effects. The nano-drug delivery system (NDDS), due to its small size, can function at the subcellular level in vivo. The marine polysaccharide-based DDS combines the advantages of polysaccharide materials and nanotechnology, and is suitable as a carrier for different pharmaceutical preparations. This review summarizes the advantages and drawbacks of using marine polysaccharides to construct the NDDS and describes the preparation methods and modification strategies of marine polysaccharide-based nanocarriers.
海洋生物量是材料的宝库。海洋多糖具有生物相容性、可生物降解性、无毒、低成本和丰富的特点。从藻类、甲壳类动物和微生物等海洋生物中可以提取出大量的多糖。研究最多的海洋多糖包括甲壳素、壳聚糖、海藻酸盐、透明质酸、岩藻聚糖硫酸酯、角叉菜胶、琼脂糖和石莼。海洋多糖在生物医学材料领域有广泛的应用，如药物传递、组织工程、伤口敷料和传感器。药物传递系统（DDS）可以综合控制药物在体内的空间、时间和剂量分布，从而提高药物的利用效率、降低成本和减少毒性副作用。纳米药物传递系统（NDDS）由于其尺寸小，可以在体内发挥亚细胞水平的作用。基于海洋多糖的 DDS 结合了多糖材料和纳米技术的优点，适合作为不同药物制剂的载体。本文综述了使用海洋多糖构建 NDDS 的优缺点，并描述了海洋多糖基纳米载体的制备方法和修饰策略。
