Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
Subst Use Misuse. 2021;56(10):1527-1535. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1942053. Epub 2021 Jul 2.
Community-based research and prevention scholarship has shown a growing interest in examining the impact of the ecological structure of neighborhoods on community violence. Ecological structures such as higher numbers of alcohol outlets and abandoned/vacant properties in geographically dense, poor, and socially isolated communities are critically important to consider. Further, disadvantaged urban communities are burdened by greater police presence with limited or no abatement in crime or violence. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) mapping, spatial analysis techniques, and a negative binomial regression analyses, this study investigated the relationships between alcohol outlet density consisting of license C (i.e., combined on and off premises establishments) and license D (i.e., off premises establishments such as liquor stores), abandoned properties, and police calls to service on aggravated assault rates in a Northeastern United States urban city. Negative binomial regression analysis results showed that license C alcohol outlet density count (IRR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.08, 2.11), license D alcohol outlet density count (IRR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.30), abandoned property count (IRR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.01, 2.01), and police call to service counts (IRR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.50) were positively associated with aggravated assault rates. Analyses controlled for census data characteristics. The link between alcohol outlet density and violent crime has been established in public health research. However, this study represents an important contribution in recognizing the unique relationships between license C and license D alcohol outlet density, abandoned properties, and police calls to service with aggravated assaults in an urban neighborhood. Conclusions are drawn for policy and practice.
基于社区的研究和预防奖学金越来越关注研究邻里生态结构对社区暴力的影响。在地理上密集、贫穷和社会隔离的社区中，更高数量的酒类销售点和废弃/空置物业等生态结构至关重要。此外，处于不利地位的城市社区面临着更大的警察存在，但犯罪或暴力事件却没有减少或得到遏制。本研究使用地理信息系统 (GIS) 制图、空间分析技术和负二项回归分析，调查了美国东北部一个城市中酒类销售点密度（包括 C 类许可证（即同时在和不在场的场所）和 D 类许可证（即酒类商店等场外场所））、废弃物业和警察对服务的呼叫与严重攻击率之间的关系。负二项回归分析结果表明，C 类许可证酒类销售点密度计数（IRR=1.36，95%CI=1.08，2.11）、D 类许可证酒类销售点密度计数（IRR=1.13，95%CI=1.01，1.30）、废弃物业计数（IRR=1.28，95%CI=1.01，2.01）和警察呼叫服务计数（IRR=1.24，95%CI=1.01，1.50）与严重攻击率呈正相关。分析控制了人口普查数据特征。在公共卫生研究中已经确立了酒类销售点密度与暴力犯罪之间的联系。然而，本研究的重要贡献在于认识到 C 类许可证和 D 类许可证酒类销售点密度、废弃物业以及警察对服务与城市社区严重攻击之间的独特关系。最后提出了政策和实践方面的结论。
