Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada.
Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2021 Aug;70:220-225. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.06.009. Epub 2021 Jul 1.
Crop-associated microorganisms are known to have a determining influence on crop growth and resistance to stresses. Indeed, microorganisms can deter pathogens, reduce stress levels, improve nutrition, and stimulate growth. However, the microbial communities associated with a plant are rarely optimal for agricultural needs. But how can we engineer crops-associated microbial communities? An interesting framework to address this question is the theory of ecological communities that stipulates four processes by which communities can change: 1) selection, 2) dispersal, 3) speciation and 4) ecological drift. Of these, speciation and dispersal can result in the addition of new species to the plant microbiota, whereas selection and drift can lead to the loss of species. We believe that if these mechanisms are sufficiently understood, they could be harnessed to purposefully engineer the crop microbiota. Here, we will discuss the recent efforts to modify the phenotype of plants that are aligned with these ecological processes.
作物相关的微生物对作物的生长和抗逆性有着决定性的影响。事实上，微生物可以抵御病原体、降低压力水平、改善营养并刺激生长。然而，与植物相关的微生物群落很少能满足农业需求。但是，我们如何设计与作物相关的微生物群落呢？一个有趣的解决这个问题的框架是生态群落理论，该理论规定了群落发生变化的四个过程：1）选择，2）扩散，3）物种形成和 4）生态漂变。在这些过程中，物种形成和扩散可以导致植物微生物群中新物种的增加，而选择和漂变则可能导致物种的丧失。我们相信，如果充分理解这些机制，就可以利用它们有目的地设计作物微生物群。在这里，我们将讨论最近为了与这些生态过程保持一致而改变植物表型所做的努力。
