Sakyi Samuel Asamoah, Antwi Maxwell Hubert, Ahenkorah Fondjo Linda, Laing Edwin Ferguson, Ephraim Richard K Dadzie, Kwarteng Alexander, Amoani Benjamin, Appiah Seth Christopher, Oppong Afranie Bright, Opoku Stephen, Buckman Tonnies Abeku
Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
J Nutr Metab. 2021 Jun 10;2021:9987141. doi: 10.1155/2021/9987141. eCollection 2021.
Vitamin D is a steroid hormone important for the normal functioning of the body. It is produced through skin exposure to sunlight and from the diet. Although Ghana is located in the tropics where sunlight is abundant, factors like culture, diet, skin pigmentation, variation in the ozone layer, and geographical area influence the optimization of vitamin D concentration. It is imperative to evaluate the interplay between sunshine exposure, proinflammatory cytokines, and mediators of vitamin D metabolism and their relationship to vitamin D status in three geographical sections among apparent healthy Ghanaians.
In a cross-sectional study, a total of five hundred (500) healthy blood donors from three geographical areas in Ghana were enrolled. Their age ranged from 17 to 55 years with a mean age of 27.97 ± 8.87 years. The overall prevalence rate of vitamin D deficiency was 43.6% (218/500), with 41.2% (91/221), 45.3% (63/139), and 45.7% (64/140) of vitamin D deficiency being recorded in participants from the Northern Sector (NS), Middle Belt (MB), and Southern Sector (SS), respectively. However, there were no significant differences in the proportions of vitamin D deficiency across various geographical sectors. The median 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels were compared among geographical areas (NS, MB, and SS) and there were no significant differences (=0.275) after adjusting for confounding factors. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D correlated positively with corrected ionized calcium (rs = 0.622, ≤ 0.001) and phosphorus (rs = 0.299, ≤ 0.001) and negatively correlated with SBP (rs = -0.092, =0.039), vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) (rs = -0.421, ≤ 0.001), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) (rs = -0.0568, rs ≤ 0.001), IFN-gamma (rs = -0.684, ≤ 0.001), and TNF-alpha (rs = -0.600, ≤ 0.001). After adjusting for possible confounders, not having knowledge about vitamin D foods, taking fewer vitamin D foods, and higher levels of IF- and IL-10 were associated with a higher risk of having vitamin D deficiency.
The prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency is high among the general adult population in Ghana despite the abundance of sunlight. Increasing knowledge on vitamin D diet coupled with a daily intake of vitamin D dietary supplements is likely to reduce the risk of developing 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency.
维生素D是一种对身体正常功能至关重要的类固醇激素。它通过皮肤暴露于阳光和饮食产生。尽管加纳位于阳光充足的热带地区，但文化、饮食、皮肤色素沉着、臭氧层变化和地理区域等因素会影响维生素D浓度的优化。评估明显健康的加纳人三个地理区域中阳光暴露、促炎细胞因子和维生素D代谢介质之间的相互作用及其与维生素D状态的关系至关重要。
在一项横断面研究中，招募了来自加纳三个地理区域的总共五百（500）名健康献血者。他们的年龄在17至55岁之间，平均年龄为27.97±8.87岁。维生素D缺乏的总体患病率为43.6%（218/500），北部地区（NS）、中部地区（MB）和南部地区（SS）的参与者中维生素D缺乏的记录分别为41.2%（91/221）、45.3%（63/139）和45.7%（64/140）。然而，不同地理区域维生素D缺乏的比例没有显著差异。比较了地理区域（NS、MB和SS）之间的血清25-羟基维生素D中位数水平，在调整混杂因素后没有显著差异（P=0.275）。25-羟基维生素D与校正后的离子钙（rs=0.622，P≤0.001）和磷（rs=0.299，P≤0.001）呈正相关，与收缩压（rs=-0.092，P=0.039）、维生素D结合蛋白（VDBP）（rs=-0.421，P≤0.001）、完整甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）（rs=-0.0568，P≤0.001）、干扰素-γ（rs=-0.684，P≤0.001）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（rs=-0.600，P≤0.001）呈负相关。在调整可能的混杂因素后，对维生素D食物不了解、摄入较少的维生素D食物以及较高水平的IF-和IL-10与维生素D缺乏风险较高相关。
尽管阳光充足，但加纳普通成年人群中25-羟基维生素D缺乏的患病率很高。增加对维生素D饮食的了解并每日摄入维生素D膳食补充剂可能会降低发生25-羟基维生素D缺乏的风险。
