加纳成年人对维生素D的知识、态度和行为：一项横断面研究。
Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding vitamin D among adults in Ghana: a cross-sectional study.
作者信息
Kwabena Abraham Ameyaw, Appiah Benedicta, Danso Samuel Ankomah, Agomuo Samuel Kwame Sopuruchi, Kwarteng Samuel, Senu Ebenezer, Effah Alfred, Sakyi Samuel Asamoah, Fondjo Linda Ahenkorah
机构信息
Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2025 Jan 18;25(1):212. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-21370-x.
BACKGROUND
Vitamin D deficiency is a major public health concern, affecting approximately half of the world's population, partly due to limited public knowledge about vitamin D sources. However, there is lack of data on awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding vitamin D in high-risk countries like Ghana. We investigated vitamin D awareness, knowledge and its associated factors in the Ghanaian population.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study involved 515 adults from Jaman South Municipal between January and June 2024. Questionnaires were used to obtain data on demographics, clinical characteristics, awareness and knowledge, attitude and practices towards vitamin D. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent predictors of knowledge and practices regarding vitamin D. SPSS (version 26.0) was used for all statistical analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
Awareness, knowledge, attitude and practice level towards vitamin D was 61%, 56.9%, 63.7% and 73.2% respectively. Aged between 18-24 yrs [(aOR = 4.106, 95% CI: (1.523-11.072); p = 0.005)], being single [(aOR = 0.243, 95% CI: (0.065-0.904); p = 0.035)], having basic [(aOR = 0.216, 95% CI: (0.068-0.685); p = 0.009)] or secondary education [(aOR = 0.151, 95% CI: (0.073-0.313); p < 0.001)] and speaking English [(aOR = 3.553, 95% CI: (1.519-8.313); p = 0.003)] were the independent predictors of adequate knowledge on vitamin D. Having basic [(aOR = 9.058, 95% CI: (2.449-33.509); p = 0.001)] or secondary education [(aOR = 5.252, 95% CI: (2.508-10.996); p < 0.001)] increased the likelihood of good practices.
CONCLUSION
There is high awareness but reduced knowledge on Vitamin D among the general public in Jaman South. Age, education, employment status, language were the factors associated with knowledge and practice regarding vitamin D. There is need for extensive health educational campaigns to the public to boost the knowledge levels on the importance of Vitamin D.
背景
维生素D缺乏是一个重大的公共卫生问题，影响着全球约一半的人口，部分原因是公众对维生素D来源的了解有限。然而，在加纳等高危国家，缺乏关于维生素D的知晓度、知识、态度和行为的数据。我们调查了加纳人群中维生素D的知晓度、知识及其相关因素。
方法
这项横断面研究于2024年1月至6月对来自贾曼南市政区的515名成年人进行。通过问卷调查获取有关人口统计学、临床特征、对维生素D的知晓度和知识、态度及行为的数据。采用二元逻辑回归分析来确定维生素D知识和行为的独立预测因素。所有统计分析均使用SPSS（版本26.0）。P < 0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
结果
对维生素D的知晓度、知识、态度和行为水平分别为61%、56.9%、63.7%和73.2%。年龄在18 - 24岁之间[（调整后比值比（aOR）= 4.106，95%置信区间：（1.523 - 11.072）；P = 0.005）]、单身[（aOR = 0.243，95%置信区间：（0.065 - 0.904）；P = 0.035）]、接受过基础教育[（aOR = 0.216，95%置信区间：（0.068 - 0.685）；P = 0.009）]或中等教育[（aOR = 0.151，95%置信区间：（0.073 - 0.313）；P < 0.001）]以及会说英语[（aOR = 3.553，95%置信区间：（1.519 - 8.313）；P = 0.003）]是维生素D知识充足的独立预测因素。接受过基础教育[（aOR = 9.058，95%置信区间：（2.449 - 33.509）；P = 0.001）]或中等教育[（aOR = 5.252，95%置信区间：（2.508 - 10.996）；P < 0.001）]会增加良好行为的可能性。
结论
贾曼南的普通公众对维生素D的知晓度较高，但知识水平较低。年龄、教育程度、就业状况、语言是与维生素D知识和行为相关的因素。需要对公众开展广泛的健康教育活动，以提高对维生素D重要性的认识水平。
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