Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Department of Communication, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Addiction. 2022 Feb;117(2):472-481. doi: 10.1111/add.15634. Epub 2021 Jul 20.
In 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposed to reduce nicotine in cigarettes to minimally or non-addictive levels. This study qualitatively explored perceptions of nicotine and addiction, both independently and in response to messages communicating about nicotine reduction.
Qualitative study using focus groups. Participants described their perceptions of nicotine and addiction and their responses to messages about the nicotine reduction.
Atlanta, GA and San Francisco, CA, USA. Semi-structured focus groups were conducted virtually in Spring 2020.
Exclusive smokers (n = 27), dual users (of cigarettes and electronic cigarettes) (n = 25), former smokers (n = 32) and young adult non-smokers (n = 31).
Inductive thematic analysis of transcripts was conducted, and results were compared across smoking status groups.
Participants across all smoking status groups associated nicotine with tobacco products, but consistently misperceived that nicotine caused disease. Perceptions of addiction were largely negative and varied by smoking status. Experienced smokers (exclusive smokers, former smokers and dual users) differentiated tobacco use from other addictions and minimized their own experiences of addiction. Perceptions of addiction across experienced smokers included not only the chemical properties of nicotine, but also the behavioral aspects of tobacco use, including oral fixation, having a smoking routine and response to internal and external cues. In response to messages, many believed that removing the nicotine would not make cigarettes less addictive because of the multi-factorial nature of smoking addiction that includes non-pharmacological cues.
Perceptions of nicotine and addiction among non-smokers, former smokers, exclusive smokers and dual users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes vary based on smoking status, but there is a common tendency to believe that nicotine is addictive, that addiction results from more than just nicotine, and that very low nicotine cigarettes will not necessarily reduce the addictiveness of cigarettes.
2017 年，美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）提议将香烟中的尼古丁降低到最小或非成瘾水平。本研究定性探讨了对尼古丁和成瘾的看法，包括单独探讨和对传达尼古丁减少信息的回应。
使用焦点小组的定性研究。参与者描述了他们对尼古丁和成瘾的看法，以及他们对有关尼古丁减少信息的反应。
美国佐治亚州亚特兰大和加利福尼亚州旧金山。2020 年春季在虚拟环境中进行了半结构式焦点小组讨论。
专吸香烟者（n=27）、香烟和电子烟双重使用者（n=25）、前吸烟者（n=32）和年轻成年非吸烟者（n=31）。
对转录本进行归纳主题分析，并比较吸烟状况组之间的结果。
所有吸烟状况组的参与者都将尼古丁与烟草产品联系在一起，但始终错误地认为尼古丁会导致疾病。对成瘾的看法大多是负面的，且因吸烟状况而异。有经验的吸烟者（专吸香烟者、前吸烟者和双重使用者）将烟草使用与其他成瘾区分开来，并将自己的成瘾经验最小化。有经验的吸烟者对成瘾的看法不仅包括尼古丁的化学特性，还包括烟草使用的行为方面，包括口腔固定、有吸烟习惯以及对内部和外部线索的反应。对信息的回应，许多人认为，由于吸烟成瘾的多因素性质，包括非药物线索，去除尼古丁不会使香烟成瘾性降低。
非吸烟者、前吸烟者、专吸香烟者和香烟与电子烟双重使用者对尼古丁和成瘾的看法因吸烟状况而异，但存在一种普遍的倾向，即认为尼古丁具有成瘾性，成瘾不仅仅是尼古丁的作用，而且极低尼古丁香烟不一定会降低香烟的成瘾性。
