Banks J, Jenkins P A
Mycobacterium Reference Unit, Public Health Laboratory Service, Cardiff.
Thorax. 1987 Nov;42(11):838-42. doi: 10.1136/thx.42.11.838.
Drug sensitivity tests were performed for ethambutol, rifampicin, streptomycin, and isoniazid both alone and in paired combinations, on 16 strains of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare, seven strains of Mycobacterium xenopi, and eight strains of Mycobacterium malmoense. Most strains were resistant to the individual drugs, but all strains of M malmoense, 86% of M xenopi, and 31% of M avium intracellulare were completely suppressed by the lowest concentrations of ethambutol and rifampicin when the two drugs were combined in vitro. Streptomycin combined with ethambutol or with rifampicin in the lowest combined concentrations suppressed 50% and 62% respectively of strains of M malmoense. All strains of M xenopi were suppressed by the lowest combined concentrations of streptomycin with rifampicin. Combinations with isoniazid were less effective. It is postulated that similar effects in vivo might account for the satisfactory clinical response seen in patients with disease caused by these mycobacteria who have received treatment with combinations of standard antituberculosis drugs despite in vitro resistance to the individual agents.
对16株鸟分枝杆菌、7株偶发分枝杆菌和8株马尔默分枝杆菌进行了乙胺丁醇、利福平、链霉素和异烟肼单独及联合药敏试验。大多数菌株对单一药物耐药，但在体外将乙胺丁醇和利福平联合使用时，最低浓度就能完全抑制所有马尔默分枝杆菌菌株、86%的偶发分枝杆菌菌株和31%的鸟分枝杆菌菌株。链霉素与最低浓度的乙胺丁醇或利福平联合使用时，分别抑制了50%和62%的马尔默分枝杆菌菌株。所有偶发分枝杆菌菌株都被链霉素与利福平的最低联合浓度所抑制。与异烟肼联合的效果较差。据推测，体内的类似作用可能解释了尽管这些分枝杆菌在体外对单一药物耐药，但接受标准抗结核药物联合治疗的患者仍有令人满意的临床反应。
