Inactivating the mannose-ethanolamine phosphotransferase Gpi7 confers caspofungin resistance in the human fungal pathogen .

Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing antifungal resistance is crucial for identifying new cellular targets for developing new antifungal therapeutics. In this study, we performed a transposon-mediated genome-wide genetic screen in haploid to identify mutants resistant to caspofungin, the first member of the echinocandin class of antifungal drugs. A mutant exhibiting the highest resistance possessed a transposon insertion that inactivates a gene encoding the mannose-ethanolamine phosphotransferase. Deleting in diploid caused similar caspofungin resistance. 7Δ/Δ cells showed significantly elevated cell wall chitin content and enhanced phosphorylation of Mkc1, a core component of the PKC-MAPK cell-wall integrity pathway. Deleting suppressed the chitin elevation and caspofungin resistance of 7Δ/Δ cells, but overexpressing the dominant inactive form of , an upstream activator of PKC-MAPK signaling, did not. Transcriptome analysis uncovered 406 differentially expressed genes in 7Δ/Δ cells, many related to cell wall construction. Our results suggest that deletion impairs cell wall integrity, which triggers the cell-wall salvage mechanism via the PKC-MAPK pathway independently of Rho1, resulting in the compensatory chitin synthesis to confer caspofungin resistance.