德克萨斯州居住邻近石油和天然气钻井与足月出生体重和小于胎龄儿之间的关联：差异中的差异分析。

Associations between Residential Proximity to Oil and Gas Drilling and Term Birth Weight and Small-for-Gestational-Age Infants in Texas: A Difference-in-Differences Analysis.

机构信息

School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

出版信息

Environ Health Perspect. 2021 Jul;129(7):77002. doi: 10.1289/EHP7678. Epub 2021 Jul 21.

DOI:10.1289/EHP7678

PMID:34287013

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8293911/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Oil and natural gas extraction may produce environmental pollution at levels that affect reproductive health of nearby populations. Available studies have primarily focused on unconventional gas drilling and have not accounted for local population changes that can coincide with drilling activity.

OBJECTIVE

Our study sought to examine associations between residential proximity to oil and gas drilling and adverse term birth outcomes using a difference-in-differences study design.

METHODS

We created a retrospective population-based term birth cohort in Texas between 1996 and 2009 composed of mother-infant dyads () living from an oil or gas site. We implemented a difference-in-differences approach to estimate associations between drilling activities and infant health: term birth weight and term small for gestational age (SGA). Using linear and logistic regression, we modeled interactions between births before (unexposed) or during (exposed) drilling activity and residential proximity near (0-1, 1-2, or ) or far () from an active or future drilling site, adjusting for individual- and neighborhood-level characteristics.

RESULTS

The adjusted mean difference in term birth weight for mothers living 0-1 vs. from a current or future drilling site was [95% confidence interval (CI): , ] for births during active vs. future drilling. The corresponding adjusted odds ratio for SGA was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.06). Negative associations with term birth weight were observed for the 1-2 and near groups, and no consistent differences were identified by type of drilling activity. Larger, though imprecise, adverse associations were found for infants born to Hispanic women, women with the lowest educational attainment, and women living in cities.

CONCLUSIONS

Residing near oil and gas drilling sites during pregnancy was associated with a small reduction in term birth weight but not SGA, with some evidence of environmental injustices. Additional work is needed to investigate specific drilling-related exposures that might explain these associations. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7678.

摘要

背景

石油和天然气开采可能会产生影响附近人群生殖健康的环境污染。现有研究主要集中在非常规天然气钻探上，并未考虑到可能与钻探活动同时发生的当地人口变化。

目的

我们的研究旨在使用差分法研究居住在石油和天然气钻井场附近与不良足月出生结局之间的关联。

方法

我们在德克萨斯州创建了一个回溯性基于人群的足月出生队列，该队列由 1996 年至 2009 年期间居住在距离石油或天然气站点的母婴对组成。我们采用差分法来估计钻探活动与婴儿健康之间的关联：足月出生体重和足月小样儿（SGA）。我们使用线性和逻辑回归模型，对生育前（未暴露）或生育期间（暴露）的婴儿与居住在距离活跃或未来钻井场地 0-1、1-2 或处的交互作用进行建模，并调整个体和社区层面的特征。

结果

对于居住在距离当前或未来钻井场地 0-1 英里处的母亲，活跃钻井与未来钻井相比，足月出生体重的调整平均差异为 [95%置信区间（CI）：， ]。SGA 的相应调整后比值比为 1.02（95%CI：0.98，1.06）。对于 1-2 和英里的临近组，与足月出生体重呈负相关，但根据钻井活动类型没有发现一致的差异。对于西班牙裔女性、受教育程度最低的女性和居住在城市的女性，出生的婴儿体重较轻，但结果存在较大的不确定性。