Sarah Miller (
Laura R. Wherry is an assistant professor of economics and public service in the Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University, in New York, New York.
Health Aff (Millwood). 2021 Aug;40(8):1252-1260. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2021.00414. Epub 2021 Jul 21.
This article estimates changes in all-cause mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic by socioeconomic characteristics and occupation for nonelderly adults in the US, using large-scale, national survey data linked to administrative mortality records. Mortality increases were largest for adults living in correctional facilities or in health care-related group quarters, those without health insurance coverage, those with family incomes below the federal poverty level, and those in occupations with limited work-from-home options. For almost all subgroups, mortality increases were higher among non-Hispanic Black respondents than among non-Hispanic White respondents. Hispanic respondents with health insurance, those not living in group quarters, those with work-from-home options, and those in essential industries also experienced larger increases in mortality during the COVID-19 crisis compared with non-Hispanic Whites in those categories. Occupations that experienced the largest mortality increases were related to installation, maintenance, and repair and production. This research highlights the relevance of individual economic, social, and demographic characteristics during the COVID-19 crisis.
本文利用大规模的全国性调查数据与行政死亡记录进行关联，根据社会经济特征和职业，对美国非老年成年人因 COVID-19 大流行导致的全因死亡率进行了估计。在被监禁或居住在与医疗保健相关的集体宿舍中的成年人、没有医疗保险的成年人、家庭收入低于联邦贫困线的成年人以及工作选择有限的职业成年人中，死亡率的上升幅度最大。对于几乎所有亚组而言，非西班牙裔黑人受访者的死亡率上升幅度都高于非西班牙裔白人受访者。拥有医疗保险的西班牙裔受访者、不居住在集体宿舍的受访者、有远程办公选择的受访者以及从事基本行业的受访者，与这些类别中的非西班牙裔白人相比，在 COVID-19 危机期间的死亡率也有所上升。死亡率上升幅度最大的职业与安装、维护和修理以及生产有关。这项研究强调了在 COVID-19 危机期间个人经济、社会和人口特征的相关性。
