Giguère-Johnson Madélie, Ward Stéphanie, Ndéné Ndiaye Aminata, Galibois Isabelle, Blaney Sonia
École des Sciences des Aliments, de Nutrition et d'études Familiales, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Ave, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1A 3E9, Canada.
Université Laval, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
BMC Nutr. 2021 Jul 22;7(1):41. doi: 10.1186/s40795-021-00436-0.
Malnutrition is a public health concern in low- and middle-income countries. In Senegal, 35% of adolescent girls are undernourished and 56% are anemic.
This study assessed the dietary intake of 14-18-year-old adolescent girls in Dakar, Senegal. Specifically, the study 1) assessed their intake in energy, fibre, macro- and micronutrients, 2) described the types and the quality of the foods they consume, and 3) assessed some of their eating behaviours. Dietary intake was measured using three non-consecutive 24-h recalls from 136 adolescent girls attending two colleges. Energy and nutrient intakes were measured and compared to recommendations. Foods were classified by food group and by whether they were healthy or unhealthy. Adolescents' daily intake (g) of fruits and vegetables, as well as the proportion of girls who ate breakfast and who consumed three meals a day were calculated.
Sodium intake was high, while fibre intake was low. On average, 40% of the adolescents' total energy intake came from fats. Mean intakes of zinc and calcium were higher on the weekend than on weekdays, while the opposite was observed for sodium. Eighty-three percent of adolescents had an inadequate intake of iron and 99% were at risk of calcium deficiency. Approximately 60% of the foods consumed were classified as healthy, however, the majority came from grains.
Adolescent nutrition deserves attention given the poor quality of their dietary intake which may put them at risk of malnutrition and chronic diseases. These findings may be used to help improve programs targeting Senegalese adolescent girls' nutrition.
营养不良是低收入和中等收入国家的一个公共卫生问题。在塞内加尔，35%的少女营养不良，56%的少女贫血。
本研究评估了塞内加尔达喀尔14至18岁少女的饮食摄入量。具体而言，该研究1）评估了她们在能量、纤维、宏量和微量营养素方面的摄入量，2）描述了她们所食用食物的种类和质量，3）评估了她们的一些饮食行为。通过对就读于两所学院的136名少女进行三次非连续的24小时饮食回顾来测量饮食摄入量。测量能量和营养素摄入量并与推荐量进行比较。食物按食物类别以及是否健康进行分类。计算青少年每天水果和蔬菜的摄入量（克），以及吃早餐和一日三餐的女孩比例。
钠摄入量高，而纤维摄入量低。平均而言，青少年总能量摄入的40%来自脂肪。周末锌和钙的平均摄入量高于工作日，而钠的情况则相反。83%的青少年铁摄入量不足，99%有钙缺乏风险。所消费的食物中约60%被归类为健康食品，然而，大多数来自谷物。
鉴于青少年饮食质量较差，可能使他们面临营养不良和慢性病风险，青少年营养值得关注。这些研究结果可用于帮助改进针对塞内加尔少女营养的项目。
