Pfisterer Karin, Shaw Lisa E, Symmank Dörte, Weninger Wolfgang
Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Jul 6;9:682414. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.682414. eCollection 2021.
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an integral component of all organs and plays a pivotal role in tissue homeostasis and repair. While the ECM was long thought to mostly have passive functions by providing physical stability to tissues, detailed characterization of its physical structure and biochemical properties have uncovered an unprecedented broad spectrum of functions. It is now clear that the ECM not only comprises the essential building block of tissues but also actively supports and maintains the dynamic interplay between tissue compartments as well as embedded resident and recruited inflammatory cells in response to pathologic stimuli. On the other hand, certain pathogens such as bacteria and viruses have evolved strategies that exploit ECM structures for infection of cells and tissues, and mutations in ECM proteins can give rise to a variety of genetic conditions. Here, we review the composition, structure and function of the ECM in cutaneous homeostasis, inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis as well as infections as a paradigm for understanding its wider role in human health.
细胞外基质（ECM）是所有器官不可或缺的组成部分，在组织稳态和修复中起着关键作用。虽然长期以来人们认为细胞外基质主要通过为组织提供物理稳定性而具有被动功能，但对其物理结构和生化特性的详细表征揭示了一系列前所未有的广泛功能。现在很清楚，细胞外基质不仅构成了组织的基本构建块，而且还积极支持和维持组织隔室之间以及嵌入的常驻和募集的炎症细胞之间的动态相互作用，以应对病理刺激。另一方面，某些病原体，如细菌和病毒，已经进化出利用细胞外基质结构感染细胞和组织的策略，细胞外基质蛋白的突变可导致多种遗传疾病。在这里，我们综述细胞外基质在皮肤稳态、银屑病和特应性皮炎等炎症性皮肤病以及感染中的组成、结构和功能，以此作为理解其在人类健康中更广泛作用的范例。
