Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
Serviço de Monitoração Ambiental, Centro Regional de Ciências Nucleares do Nordeste, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Dec;28(48):69343-69353. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-15529-3. Epub 2021 Jul 22.
Waste produced in homes is one of the main sources of pollutants in freshwater ecosystems. Therefore, it is imperative to implement methodologies that aid in environmental monitoring procedures. The use of organisms as biomonitors has grown increasingly prevalent as they are models that provide data that can be adequately evaluated. In this work, we investigated the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects caused by domestic sewage sludge through an analysis of biomarkers in the mollusk Biomphalaria glabrata. For the tests, increasing concentrations of 50, 100, 150, and 500 mg L of domestic sewage sludge were standardized, in addition to control groups. Assays were performed after the mollusks were exposed to the domestic sewage sludge in acute (48 h) and chronic (15 d) manner. Toxicity tests were performed with embryonic and adult snails. The cytoplasmic and nuclear changes were analyzed in the hemocyte cells. Lastly, genotoxic damage was analyzed using the comet assay. Adult snails and embryos of B. glabrata showed no significant morphological changes. Domestic sludge caused deleterious effects on mollusks as confirmed after cell genotoxicity tests. Therefore, based on the results obtained from the analysis of B. glabrata hemocytes, we can affirm that domestic sewage sludge causes genotoxic and cytotoxic effects on mollusk cells. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the mollusk Biomphalaria glabrata can be used as a good low-cost alternative to assist in the biomonitoring of freshwater environments. Graphical Abstract.
家庭产生的废物是淡水生态系统中污染物的主要来源之一。因此，必须采用有助于环境监测程序的方法。由于生物体作为生物监测器的使用越来越普及，因为它们是可以进行充分评估的数据模型。在这项工作中，我们通过分析软体动物光滑滨螺的生物标志物来研究生活污水污泥引起的遗传毒性和细胞毒性作用。对于测试，除了对照组外，还标准化了浓度为 50、100、150 和 500mg L 的生活污水污泥。在软体动物以急性（48 小时）和慢性（15 天）方式暴露于生活污水污泥后进行了测定。毒性测试使用胚胎和成年蜗牛进行。在血球细胞中分析了细胞质和核的变化。最后，使用彗星试验分析了遗传毒性损伤。光滑滨螺的成年蜗牛和胚胎没有表现出明显的形态变化。细胞遗传毒性试验证实，生活污泥对软体动物造成了有害影响。因此，基于对 B. glabrata 血球细胞的分析结果，我们可以肯定生活污水污泥对软体动物细胞具有遗传毒性和细胞毒性作用。因此，可以得出结论，软体动物光滑滨螺可以作为一种低成本的替代方法，用于协助淡水环境的生物监测。
