Latif Rhonira, Noor Mimiwaty Mohd, Yunas Jumril, Hamzah Azrul Azlan
Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia.
Polymers (Basel). 2021 Jul 12;13(14):2276. doi: 10.3390/polym13142276.
The paper presents a comprehensive review of mechanical energy harvesters and microphone sensors for totally implanted hearing systems. The studies on hearing mechanisms, hearing losses and hearing solutions are first introduced to bring to light the necessity of creating and integrating the in vivo energy harvester and implantable microphone into a single chip. The in vivo energy harvester can continuously harness energy from the biomechanical motion of the internal organs. The implantable microphone executes mechanoelectrical transduction, and an array of such structures can filter sound frequency directly without an analogue-to-digital converter. The revision of the available transduction mechanisms, device configuration structures and piezoelectric material characteristics reveals the advantage of adopting the polymer-based piezoelectric transducers. A dual function of sensing the sound signal and simultaneously harvesting vibration energy to power up its system can be attained from a single transducer. Advanced process technology incorporates polymers into piezoelectric materials, initiating the invention of a self-powered and flexible transducer that is compatible with the human body, magnetic resonance imaging system (MRI) and the standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) processes. The polymer-based piezoelectric is a promising material that satisfies many of the requirements for obtaining high performance implantable microphones and in vivo piezoelectric energy harvesters.
本文对用于全植入式听力系统的机械能采集器和麦克风传感器进行了全面综述。首先介绍了关于听力机制、听力损失和听力解决方案的研究，以揭示将体内能量采集器和可植入麦克风集成到单个芯片中的必要性。体内能量采集器可以持续从内部器官的生物力学运动中获取能量。可植入麦克风执行机电转换，并且这样的结构阵列可以直接过滤声频而无需模数转换器。对可用转换机制、器件配置结构和压电材料特性的修订揭示了采用基于聚合物的压电换能器的优势。单个换能器可以实现感测声音信号并同时采集振动能量以为其系统供电的双重功能。先进的工艺技术将聚合物融入压电材料中，引发了一种与人体、磁共振成像系统（MRI）和标准互补金属氧化物半导体（CMOS）工艺兼容的自供电且灵活的换能器的发明。基于聚合物的压电材料是一种有前途的材料，满足了获得高性能可植入麦克风和体内压电能量采集器的许多要求。
