性别角色是否能解释抑郁风险高的原因？对 40 年证据的荟萃分析综述。
Does gender role explain a high risk of depression? A meta-analytic review of 40 years of evidence.
机构信息
Center for Brain Function and Psychological Science, Shenzhen University; Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Ministry of Education; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, China; Institute for Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China.
Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory; Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, 518060, China.
出版信息
J Affect Disord. 2021 Nov 1;294:261-278. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.018. Epub 2021 Jul 16.
BACKGROUND
This meta-analytic review aimed to systematically evaluate associations of depression with multiple gender role dimensions (masculinity, femininity, androgyny, and undifferentiated traits) and to determine potential moderators (participant characteristics, study instruments and sociocultural factors) of the relationship.
METHODS
Of 4481 initially identified records in three electronic databases, 58 studies published 1978 to 2021 were included for meta-analysis.
RESULTS
(1) Association of depression and gender role is moderated by study year and human development indices. (2) Masculinity is a protective factor for depression, while this dominance has declined as life expectancy increases. (3) A negative, weak but significant association between depression and femininity is observed in women, and college students, which starts to emerge with the gradual increase in the national education and income index from 1990 to 2019. (4) Androgynous individuals reported the lowest level of depression as compared with other gender role orientations (masculine, feminine, and undifferentiated trait group). This disparity is becoming more extreme with life expectancy and per capita income index increases.
LIMITATIONS
English-language studies were only included in this review.
CONCLUSIONS
Androgyny might be the most ideal gender role protecting both women and men from depression.
背景
本荟萃分析旨在系统评估抑郁与多种性别角色维度（男性气质、女性气质、双性气质和未分化特质）之间的关联，并确定关系的潜在调节因素（参与者特征、研究工具和社会文化因素）。
方法
在三个电子数据库中最初确定的 4481 条记录中，纳入了 1978 年至 2021 年发表的 58 项研究进行荟萃分析。
结果
（1）抑郁与性别角色的关联受研究年份和人类发展指数的调节。（2）男性气质是抑郁的保护因素，而随着预期寿命的延长，这种优势已经下降。（3）在女性和大学生中，抑郁与女性气质之间存在负相关，且相关性较弱但具有统计学意义，这一关联在 1990 年至 2019 年期间随着国家教育和收入指数的逐渐增加而开始出现。（4）与其他性别角色取向（男性、女性和未分化特质群体）相比，双性气质个体报告的抑郁水平最低。随着预期寿命和人均收入指数的增加，这种差异变得更加极端。
局限性
本综述仅纳入了英语研究。
结论
双性气质可能是最理想的性别角色，既能保护女性，也能保护男性免受抑郁的影响。
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