Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
Biosensors (Basel). 2024 Jan 23;14(2):59. doi: 10.3390/bios14020059.
Bacterial infections continue to pose a significant global health challenge, with the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and biofilms further complicating treatment options. The rise of pan-resistant bacteria, coupled with the slow development of new antibiotics, highlights the urgent need for new therapeutic strategies. Nanotechnology-based biosensors offer fast, specific, sensitive, and selective methods for detecting and treating bacteria; hence, it is a promising approach for the diagnosis and treatment of MDR bacteria. Through mechanisms, such as destructive bacterial cell membranes, suppression of efflux pumps, and generation of reactive oxygen species, nanotechnology effectively combats bacterial resistance and biofilms. Nano-biosensors and related technology have demonstrated their importance in bacteria diagnosis and treatment, providing innovative ideas for MDR inhibition. This review focuses on multiple nanotechnology approaches in targeting MDR bacteria and eliminating antimicrobial biofilms, highlighting nano-biosensors via photodynamics-based biosensors, eletrochemistry biosensors, acoustic-dynamics sensors, and so on. Furthermore, the major challenges, opportunities of multi-physical-field biometrics-based biosensors, and relevant nanotechnology in MDR bacterial theranostics are also discussed. Overall, this review provides insights and scientific references to harness the comprehensive and diverse capabilities of nano-biosensors for precise bacteria theranostics and MDR inhibition.
细菌感染仍然是一个重大的全球健康挑战，多药耐药（MDR）细菌和生物膜的出现进一步使治疗选择复杂化。泛耐药菌的出现，加上新抗生素的研发缓慢，突显了急需新的治疗策略。基于纳米技术的生物传感器为检测和治疗细菌提供了快速、特异、敏感和选择性的方法；因此，它是诊断和治疗 MDR 细菌的一种很有前途的方法。通过破坏细菌细胞膜、抑制外排泵和产生活性氧等机制，纳米技术有效地对抗细菌耐药性和生物膜。纳米生物传感器和相关技术已经在细菌诊断和治疗方面显示出其重要性，为 MDR 抑制提供了创新思路。本综述重点介绍了针对 MDR 细菌和消除抗菌生物膜的多种纳米技术方法，强调了基于光动力生物传感器、电化学生物传感器、声动力学传感器等的纳米生物传感器。此外，还讨论了基于多物理场生物识别的生物传感器以及相关纳米技术在 MDR 细菌治疗学中的主要挑战、机遇。总的来说，本综述提供了深入了解和科学参考，以利用纳米生物传感器的全面和多样化功能，实现精确的细菌治疗学和 MDR 抑制。
