Waterman Alan S, Schwartz Seth J, Zamboanga Byron L, Ravert Russell D, Williams Michelle K, Agocha V Bede, Kim Su Yeong, Donnellan M Brent
Department of Psychology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Family Studies, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, USA.
J Posit Psychol. 2010;5(1):41-61. doi: 10.1080/17439760903435208. Epub 2010 Jan 28.
The Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-Being (QEWB) was developed to measure well-being in a manner consistent with how it is conceptualized in eudaimonist philosophy. Aspects of eudaimonic well-being assessed by the QEWB include self-discovery, perceived development of one's best potentials, a sense of purpose and meaning in life, intense involvement in activities, investment of significant effort, and enjoyment of activities as personally expressive. The QEWB was administered to two large, ethnically diverse samples of college students drawn from multiple sites across the United States. A three-part evaluation of the instrument was conducted: (1) evaluating psychometric properties, (2) comparing QEWB scores across gender, age, ethnicity, family income, and family structure, and (3) assessing the convergent, discriminant, construct, and incremental validity of the QEWB. Six hypotheses relating QEWB scores to identity formation, personality traits, and positive and negative psychological functioning were evaluated. The internal consistency of the scale was high and results of independent CFAs indicated that the QEWB items patterned onto a common factor. The distribution of scores approximated a normal curve. Demographic variables were found to predict only small proportions of QEWB score variability. Support for the hypotheses tested provides evidence for the validity of the QEWB as an instrument for assessing eudaimonic well-being. Implications for theory and future research directions are discussed.
幸福安康问卷(QEWB)的开发旨在以一种与幸福主义哲学中对幸福的概念化方式相一致的方式来衡量幸福感。QEWB所评估的幸福安康方面包括自我发现、对自身最佳潜能发展的感知、生活的目标感和意义感、对活动的强烈投入、大量精力的投入以及将活动视为个人表达的享受。QEWB被施用于从美国多个地点抽取的两个大型、种族多样的大学生样本。对该工具进行了三部分评估:(1)评估心理测量特性,(2)比较不同性别、年龄、种族、家庭收入和家庭结构的QEWB分数,以及(3)评估QEWB的聚合效度、区分效度、结构效度和增量效度。评估了六个将QEWB分数与身份形成、人格特质以及积极和消极心理功能相关联的假设。该量表的内部一致性较高,独立验证性因素分析的结果表明QEWB项目构成了一个共同因素。分数分布近似正态曲线。发现人口统计学变量仅能预测QEWB分数变异性的一小部分。对所测试假设的支持为QEWB作为评估幸福安康的工具的有效性提供了证据。讨论了对理论和未来研究方向的启示。